Jeremiah 37:8

Authorized King James Version

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And the Chaldeans shall come again, and fight against this city, and take it, and burn it with fire.

Original Language Analysis

וְשָׁ֙בוּ֙ shall come again H7725
וְשָׁ֙בוּ֙ shall come again
Strong's: H7725
Word #: 1 of 9
to turn back (hence, away) transitively or intransitively, literally or figuratively (not necessarily with the idea of return to the starting point);
הַכַּשְׂדִּ֔ים And the Chaldeans H3778
הַכַּשְׂדִּ֔ים And the Chaldeans
Strong's: H3778
Word #: 2 of 9
a kasdite, or descendant of kesed; by implication, a chaldaean (as if so descended); also an astrologer (as if proverbial of that people
וְנִלְחֲמ֖וּ and fight H3898
וְנִלְחֲמ֖וּ and fight
Strong's: H3898
Word #: 3 of 9
to feed on; figuratively, to consume
עַל H5921
עַל
Strong's: H5921
Word #: 4 of 9
above, over, upon, or against (yet always in this last relation with a downward aspect) in a great variety of applications
הָעִ֣יר against this city H5892
הָעִ֣יר against this city
Strong's: H5892
Word #: 5 of 9
a city (a place guarded by waking or a watch) in the widest sense (even of a mere encampment or post)
הַזֹּ֑את H2063
הַזֹּ֑את
Strong's: H2063
Word #: 6 of 9
this (often used adverb)
וּלְכָדֻ֖הָ and take H3920
וּלְכָדֻ֖הָ and take
Strong's: H3920
Word #: 7 of 9
to catch (in a net, trap or pit); generally, to capture or occupy; also to choose (by lot); figuratively, to cohere
וּשְׂרָפֻ֥הָ it and burn H8313
וּשְׂרָפֻ֥הָ it and burn
Strong's: H8313
Word #: 8 of 9
to be (causatively, set) on fire
בָאֵֽשׁ׃ it with fire H784
בָאֵֽשׁ׃ it with fire
Strong's: H784
Word #: 9 of 9
fire (literally or figuratively)

Analysis & Commentary

And the Chaldeans shall come again, and fight against this city, and take it, and burn it with fire—this prophecy contains four certainties, each expressed as accomplished fact. Shuv (שׁוּב, come again/return) guarantees Babylon's return after dealing with Egypt. Nilcham (נִלְחַם, fight) indicates resumed siege warfare. Lakad (לָכַד, take/capture) declares Jerusalem's inevitable fall. Sarap ba'esh (שָׂרַף בָּאֵשׁ, burn with fire) specifies total destruction.

This unflinching prophecy left no room for false hope. Egypt's intervention was merely an interruption, not deliverance. Jerusalem's fate was sealed—not by Babylonian might but by divine decree in response to covenant unfaithfulness. The certainty of these declarations reveals God's sovereign control over history. Nebuchadnezzar was God's instrument of judgment (25:9; 27:6; 43:10).

Jeremiah's unwavering proclamation of doom made him seem unpatriotic, even traitorous (38:4). Yet true faithfulness to God sometimes requires speaking unpopular truth. The prophet's message aligned with earlier warnings: persistent covenant breaking would result in exile and Jerusalem's destruction (Leviticus 26:27-33; Deuteronomy 28:49-52). God's word is trustworthy—both His promises and His warnings.

Historical Context

This prophecy was fulfilled exactly. After Egypt's retreat, Babylon resumed the siege with intensified ferocity. In 586 BC, after 18 months of siege, Jerusalem's walls were breached (39:2; 52:6-7). The city was systematically destroyed, the temple burned, walls demolished, and the population either killed or deported (2 Kings 25:8-21). Archaeological excavations in Jerusalem reveal destruction layers from this period—ash, arrowheads, and collapsed structures confirming the biblical account. The Babylonian Chronicle also records Nebuchadnezzar's campaigns against Judah, providing extrabiblical confirmation.

Questions for Reflection

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