James 3:4

Authorized King James Version

Behold also the ships, which though they be so great, and are driven of fierce winds, yet are they turned about with a very small helm, whithersoever the governor listeth.

Word-by-Word Analysis
#1
ἰδού,
Behold
used as imperative lo!
#2
καὶ
also
and, also, even, so then, too, etc.; often used in connection (or composition) with other particles or small words
#3
τὰ
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
#4
πλοῖα
the ships
a sailer, i.e., vessel
#5
τηλικαῦτα
so great
such as this, i.e., (in (figurative) magnitude) so vast
#6
ὄντα
which though they be
being
#7
καὶ
also
and, also, even, so then, too, etc.; often used in connection (or composition) with other particles or small words
#8
ὑπὸ
of
under, i.e., (with the genitive case) of place (beneath), or with verbs (the agency or means, through); (with the accusative case) of place (whither (
#9
σκληρῶν
fierce
dry, i.e., hard or tough (figuratively, harsh, severe)
#10
ἀνέμων
winds
wind; (plural) by implication, (the four) quarters (of the earth)
#11
ἐλαυνόμενα
are driven
to push (as wind, oars or daemonical power)
#12
μετάγεται
yet are they turned about
to lead over, i.e., transfer (direct)
#13
ὑπὸ
of
under, i.e., (with the genitive case) of place (beneath), or with verbs (the agency or means, through); (with the accusative case) of place (whither (
#14
ἐλαχίστου
a very small
used as equivalent to g3398; least (in size, amount, dignity, etc.)
#15
πηδαλίου
helm
a "pedal", i.e., helm
#16
ὅπου
whithersoever
what(-ever) where, i.e., at whichever spot
#17
ἂν
whatsoever
#18
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
#19
ὁρμὴ
listeth
a violent impulse, i.e., onset
#20
τοῦ
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
#21
εὐθύνοντος
the governor
to straighten (level); technically, to steer
#22
βούληται
to "will," i.e., (reflexively) be willing

Analysis

The salvation theme here intersects with the metanarrative of redemption running from Genesis to Revelation. Biblical theology recognizes this as part of a unified storyline from the promise in Genesis 3:15 to its fulfillment in Christ. The phrase emphasizing divine revelation contributes to our systematic understanding of Christian doctrine and connects to the broader scriptural witness about God's saving work from the Exodus to the cross.

Historical Context

This passage must be understood within the political and social structures of the biblical period. The author writes to address believers seeking to understand God's will and purposes, making the emphasis on salvation particularly relevant. Historical documents from this period show cultural practices and social structures that would have been familiar to the original readers, illuminating the verse's original impact.

Questions for Reflection

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