Isaiah 66:18
For I know their works and their thoughts: it shall come, that I will gather all nations and tongues; and they shall come, and see my glory.
Original Language Analysis
Cross References
Historical Context
Throughout history, God has gathered nations—sometimes for judgment (Joel 3:2, 12, Zephaniah 3:8), sometimes for blessing (Isaiah 2:2-4, 60:3, Micah 4:1-2). At Pentecost, the Spirit gathered people from many nations and tongues (Acts 2:5-11)—initial fulfillment of ingathering for salvation. Throughout church history, the elect are gathered from every tribe and tongue (Revelation 5:9, 7:9). Complete fulfillment comes at Christ's return when all nations are gathered—some to eternal life, others to eternal punishment (Matthew 25:31-46, Revelation 20:11-15). God's glory is fully revealed in both mercy to the elect and justice toward the reprobate.
Questions for Reflection
- What does God's comprehensive knowledge of works and thoughts mean for final judgment?
- How can the gathering of all nations be both for judgment and for salvation?
- What does it mean to 'see God's glory,' and how do people respond differently to this revelation?
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Analysis & Commentary
A crucial transitional verse: "For I know their works and their thoughts: it shall come, that I will gather all nations and tongues; and they shall come, and see my glory." God's comprehensive knowledge—ma'aseihem umachsheroteihem (works and thoughts)—establishes His just judgment (nothing hidden). Then comes promise: He will gather all nations (goyim) and tongues (leshonot)—comprehensive ethnic and linguistic diversity. They will "see my glory" (kevodi). This is ambiguous: gathering for judgment or salvation? Context suggests both—gathering for final judgment (v.15-17, 24) yet also for worship (v.19-21, 23). From a Reformed perspective, this describes both aspects of God's sovereign plan: gathering all humanity for final judgment (Revelation 20:12) and gathering the elect from all nations for salvation (Revelation 7:9). God's glory is revealed in both justice and mercy. Some see His glory and worship; others see it and are consumed. The elect from all ethnicities will worship (v.23), while the wicked face eternal judgment (v.24). Divine sovereignty encompasses both outcomes.