Isaiah 3:9

Authorized King James Version

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The shew of their countenance doth witness against them; and they declare their sin as Sodom, they hide it not. Woe unto their soul! for they have rewarded evil unto themselves.

Original Language Analysis

הַכָּרַ֤ת The shew H1971
הַכָּרַ֤ת The shew
Strong's: H1971
Word #: 1 of 15
respect, i.e., partiality
פְּנֵיהֶם֙ of their countenance H6440
פְּנֵיהֶם֙ of their countenance
Strong's: H6440
Word #: 2 of 15
the face (as the part that turns); used in a great variety of applications (literally and figuratively); also (with prepositional prefix) as a preposi
עָ֣נְתָה doth witness against them H6030
עָ֣נְתָה doth witness against them
Strong's: H6030
Word #: 3 of 15
properly, to eye or (generally) to heed, i.e., pay attention; by implication, to respond; by extension to begin to speak; specifically to sing, shout,
בָּ֔ם H0
בָּ֔ם
Strong's: H0
Word #: 4 of 15
וְחַטָּאתָ֛ם their sin H2403
וְחַטָּאתָ֛ם their sin
Strong's: H2403
Word #: 5 of 15
an offence (sometimes habitual sinfulness), and its penalty, occasion, sacrifice, or expiation; also (concretely) an offender
כִּסְדֹ֥ם as Sodom H5467
כִּסְדֹ֥ם as Sodom
Strong's: H5467
Word #: 6 of 15
sedom, a place near the dead sea
הִגִּ֖ידוּ and they declare H5046
הִגִּ֖ידוּ and they declare
Strong's: H5046
Word #: 7 of 15
properly, to front, i.e., stand boldly out opposite; by implication (causatively), to manifest; figuratively, to announce (always by word of mouth to
לֹ֣א H3808
לֹ֣א
Strong's: H3808
Word #: 8 of 15
not (the simple or abs. negation); by implication, no; often used with other particles
כִחֵ֑דוּ they hide H3582
כִחֵ֑דוּ they hide
Strong's: H3582
Word #: 9 of 15
to secrete, by act or word; hence (intensively) to destroy
א֣וֹי it not Woe H188
א֣וֹי it not Woe
Strong's: H188
Word #: 10 of 15
lamentation; also interjectionally oh!
לְנַפְשָׁ֔ם unto their soul H5315
לְנַפְשָׁ֔ם unto their soul
Strong's: H5315
Word #: 11 of 15
properly, a breathing creature, i.e., animal of (abstractly) vitality; used very widely in a literal, accommodated or figurative sense (bodily or ment
כִּֽי H3588
כִּֽי
Strong's: H3588
Word #: 12 of 15
(by implication) very widely used as a relative conjunction or adverb (as below); often largely modified by other particles annexed
גָמְל֥וּ for they have rewarded H1580
גָמְל֥וּ for they have rewarded
Strong's: H1580
Word #: 13 of 15
to treat a person (well or ill), i.e., benefit or requite; by implication (of toil), to ripen, i.e., (specifically) to wean
לָהֶ֖ם H1992
לָהֶ֖ם
Strong's: H1992
Word #: 14 of 15
they (only used when emphatic)
רָעָֽה׃ evil H7451
רָעָֽה׃ evil
Strong's: H7451
Word #: 15 of 15
bad or (as noun) evil (natural or moral)

Analysis & Commentary

Judah's open shamelessness regarding sin parallels Sodom's blatant immorality. The phrase 'they declare their sin' indicates prideful, public wickedness without conscience or concealment. Rather than hiding sin in shame, they parade it openly. The pronouncement 'woe unto their soul' declares self-inflicted judgment—they 'have rewarded evil unto themselves' through their choices.

Historical Context

Sodom's comparison (Genesis 19) was the ultimate indictment. Ancient societies generally maintained some shame about immorality; Judah's open sin demonstrated complete moral collapse.

Questions for Reflection

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