Isaiah 23:13

Authorized King James Version

Behold the land of the Chaldeans; this people was not, till the Assyrian founded it for them that dwell in the wilderness: they set up the towers thereof, they raised up the palaces thereof; and he brought it to ruin.

Word-by-Word Analysis
#1
הֵ֣ן׀
lo!; also (as expressing surprise) if
#2
אֶ֣רֶץ
Behold the land
the earth (at large, or partitively a land)
#3
כַּשְׂדִּ֗ים
of the Chaldeans
a kasdite, or descendant of kesed; by implication, a chaldaean (as if so descended); also an astrologer (as if proverbial of that people
#4
זֶ֤ה
the masculine demonstrative pronoun, this or that
#5
הָעָם֙
this people
a people (as a congregated unit); specifically, a tribe (as those of israel); hence (collectively) troops or attendants; figuratively, a flock
#6
לֹ֣א
not (the simple or abs. negation); by implication, no; often used with other particles
#7
הָיָ֔ה
to exist, i.e., be or become, come to pass (always emphatic, and not a mere copula or auxiliary)
#8
אַשּׁ֖וּר
was not till the Assyrian
ashshur, the second son of shem; also his descendants and the country occupied by them (i.e., assyria), its region and its empire
#9
יְסָדָ֣הּ
founded
to set (literally or figuratively); intensively, to found; reflexively, to sit down together, i.e., settle, consult
#10
לְצִיִּ֑ים
it for them that dwell in the wilderness
a desert-dweller, i.e., nomad or wild beast
#11
הֵקִ֣ימוּ
they set up
to rise (in various applications, literal, figurative, intensive and causative)
#12
בַחיּנָ֗יו
the towers
a watch-tower of besiegers
#13
עֽוֹרְרוּ֙
thereof they raised up
to bare; figuratively, to demolish
#14
אַרְמְנוֹתֶ֔יהָ
the palaces
a citadel (from its height)
#15
שָׂמָ֖הּ
thereof and he brought
to put (used in a great variety of applications, literal, figurative, inferentially, and elliptically)
#16
לְמַפֵּלָֽה׃
it to ruin
something fallen, i.e., a ruin

Analysis

This verse develops the salvation theme central to Isaiah. The concept of covenant community reflects the development of salvation within biblical theology. The literary structure and word choice here contribute to biblical literature contributing to the canon's theological witness, advancing the author's theological argument. The original language emphasizes careful word choice that would have carried specific theological weight for the original audience, providing deeper understanding of the author's theological intention.

Historical Context

This passage must be understood within the political and social structures of the biblical period. The author writes to address believers seeking to understand God's will and purposes, making the emphasis on salvation particularly relevant. Historical documents from this period show cultural practices and social structures that would have been familiar to the original readers, illuminating the verse's original impact.

Questions for Reflection

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