Isaiah 14:17

Authorized King James Version

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That made the world as a wilderness, and destroyed the cities thereof; that opened not the house of his prisoners?

Original Language Analysis

שָׂ֥ם That made H7760
שָׂ֥ם That made
Strong's: H7760
Word #: 1 of 9
to put (used in a great variety of applications, literal, figurative, inferentially, and elliptically)
תֵּבֵ֛ל the world H8398
תֵּבֵ֛ל the world
Strong's: H8398
Word #: 2 of 9
the earth (as moist and therefore inhabited); by extension, the globe; by implication, its inhabitants; specifically, a particular land, as babylonia,
כַּמִּדְבָּ֖ר as a wilderness H4057
כַּמִּדְבָּ֖ר as a wilderness
Strong's: H4057
Word #: 3 of 9
a pasture (i.e., open field, whither cattle are driven); by implication, a desert
וְעָרָ֣יו the cities H5892
וְעָרָ֣יו the cities
Strong's: H5892
Word #: 4 of 9
a city (a place guarded by waking or a watch) in the widest sense (even of a mere encampment or post)
הָרָ֑ס and destroyed H2040
הָרָ֑ס and destroyed
Strong's: H2040
Word #: 5 of 9
to pull down or in pieces, break, destroy
אֲסִירָ֖יו of his prisoners H615
אֲסִירָ֖יו of his prisoners
Strong's: H615
Word #: 6 of 9
bound, i.e., a captive
לֹא H3808
לֹא
Strong's: H3808
Word #: 7 of 9
not (the simple or abs. negation); by implication, no; often used with other particles
פָ֥תַח thereof that opened H6605
פָ֥תַח thereof that opened
Strong's: H6605
Word #: 8 of 9
to open wide (literally or figuratively); specifically, to loosen, begin, plough, carve
בָּֽיְתָה׃ not the house H1004
בָּֽיְתָה׃ not the house
Strong's: H1004
Word #: 9 of 9
a house (in the greatest variation of applications, especially family, etc.)

Analysis & Commentary

'That made the world as a wilderness, and destroyed the cities thereof; that opened not the house of his prisoners?' The observers recite the king's crimes: turning the world into wilderness (devastation, depopulation), destroying cities (not just conquering but ruining), never releasing prisoners (perpetual captivity, no mercy). These accusations indict tyranny's methods: environmental destruction, urban devastation, refusal of mercy. The final charge—not opening prisoners' house—may allude to refusing to let exiles return home, particularly relevant for Israel's experience. Cyrus, by contrast, opened prisoners' houses, allowing peoples to return (including Jews, Ezra 1:1-4). The Babylonian king's refusal of mercy becomes evidence in judgment.

Historical Context

Assyrian and Babylonian policies did exactly this: depopulating regions through mass deportation (turning them into 'wilderness'), destroying cities that rebelled (archaeological evidence confirms), and keeping populations in permanent exile. The reference to not opening prisoners' houses may specifically indicate not allowing exiled peoples to return home, contrary to ancient Near Eastern norms where conquerors sometimes permitted this after sufficient time. Cyrus's policy of allowing returns was unusual and fulfilled Isaiah's prophecy. The charge sheet against Babylon includes both their treatment of conquered peoples and their violation of mercy and justice.

Questions for Reflection

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