Hosea 2:8

Authorized King James Version

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For she did not know that I gave her corn, and wine, and oil, and multiplied her silver and gold, which they prepared for Baal.

Original Language Analysis

וְהִיא֙ H1931
וְהִיא֙
Strong's: H1931
Word #: 1 of 16
he (she or it); only expressed when emphatic or without a verb; also (intensively) self, or (especially with the article) the same; sometimes (as demo
לֹ֣א H3808
לֹ֣א
Strong's: H3808
Word #: 2 of 16
not (the simple or abs. negation); by implication, no; often used with other particles
יָֽדְעָ֔ה For she did not know H3045
יָֽדְעָ֔ה For she did not know
Strong's: H3045
Word #: 3 of 16
to know (properly, to ascertain by seeing); used in a great variety of senses, figuratively, literally, euphemistically and inferentially (including o
כִּ֤י H3588
כִּ֤י
Strong's: H3588
Word #: 4 of 16
(by implication) very widely used as a relative conjunction or adverb (as below); often largely modified by other particles annexed
אָֽנֹכִי֙ H595
אָֽנֹכִי֙
Strong's: H595
Word #: 5 of 16
i
נָתַ֣תִּי that I gave H5414
נָתַ֣תִּי that I gave
Strong's: H5414
Word #: 6 of 16
to give, used with greatest latitude of application (put, make, etc.)
לָ֔הּ H0
לָ֔הּ
Strong's: H0
Word #: 7 of 16
הַדָּגָ֖ן her corn H1715
הַדָּגָ֖ן her corn
Strong's: H1715
Word #: 8 of 16
properly, increase, i.e., grain
וְהַתִּיר֣וֹשׁ and wine H8492
וְהַתִּיר֣וֹשׁ and wine
Strong's: H8492
Word #: 9 of 16
must or fresh grape-juice (as just squeezed out); by implication (rarely) fermented wine
וְהַיִּצְהָ֑ר and oil H3323
וְהַיִּצְהָ֑ר and oil
Strong's: H3323
Word #: 10 of 16
oil (as producing light); figuratively, anointing
וְכֶ֨סֶף her silver H3701
וְכֶ֨סֶף her silver
Strong's: H3701
Word #: 11 of 16
silver (from its pale color); by implication, money
הִרְבֵּ֥יתִי and multiplied H7235
הִרְבֵּ֥יתִי and multiplied
Strong's: H7235
Word #: 12 of 16
to increase (in whatever respect)
לָ֛הּ H0
לָ֛הּ
Strong's: H0
Word #: 13 of 16
וְזָהָ֖ב and gold H2091
וְזָהָ֖ב and gold
Strong's: H2091
Word #: 14 of 16
gold, figuratively, something gold-colored (i.e., yellow), as oil, a clear sky
עָשׂ֥וּ which they prepared H6213
עָשׂ֥וּ which they prepared
Strong's: H6213
Word #: 15 of 16
to do or make, in the broadest sense and widest application
לַבָּֽעַל׃ for Baal H1168
לַבָּֽעַל׃ for Baal
Strong's: H1168
Word #: 16 of 16
baal, a phoenician deity

Analysis & Commentary

The root problem: 'For she did not know that I gave her corn, and wine, and oil, and multiplied her silver and gold, which they prepared for Baal.' The tragic irony: Israel enjoyed YHWH's blessings (corn, wine, oil, silver, gold—comprehensive provision) but credited Baal, then used God's gifts to worship idols ('prepared for Baal' making images, temples, offerings). 'Did not know' (lo yada'ah) indicates not intellectual ignorance but willful refusal to acknowledge. Knowledge in Hebrew (yada) implies intimate relationship and recognition of source. Israel knew theologically that YHWH delivered them from Egypt, yet practically lived as though Baal provided prosperity. This is functional atheism—denying God's active providence. Romans 1:21 describes this: 'when they knew God, they glorified him not as God, neither were thankful.' All idolatry misappropriates God's gifts, using what He provides to serve false gods. True worship recognizes God as source and directs gifts back to Him in gratitude and obedience.

Historical Context

Israel's economic prosperity under Jeroboam II (mid-8th century BC) coincided with increased Baal worship. Material abundance didn't produce gratitude to YHWH but attribution to Baal and multiplication of idolatrous practices. Archaeological excavations at Samaria reveal luxury items (ivory inlays, fine pottery) alongside evidence of Baal worship (cult objects, altars). Silver and gold used for idol-making violated the second commandment and demonstrated perverse ingratitude: taking the Provider's gifts to honor competitors. This pattern recurs: prosperity often produces spiritual complacency and idolatry (Deuteronomy 8:11-14, 'when you have eaten and are full...then your heart be lifted up, and you forget the LORD'). Economic blessing tests faith—will we recognize God as source or credit ourselves/systems?

Questions for Reflection