Hosea 2:1

Authorized King James Version

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Say ye unto your brethren, Ammi; and to your sisters, Ruhamah.

Original Language Analysis

אִמְר֥וּ Say H559
אִמְר֥וּ Say
Strong's: H559
Word #: 1 of 5
to say (used with great latitude)
לַאֲחֵיכֶ֖ם ye unto your brethren H251
לַאֲחֵיכֶ֖ם ye unto your brethren
Strong's: H251
Word #: 2 of 5
a brother (used in the widest sense of literal relationship and metaphorical affinity or resemblance [like h0001])
עַמִּ֑י Ammi H5971
עַמִּ֑י Ammi
Strong's: H5971
Word #: 3 of 5
a people (as a congregated unit); specifically, a tribe (as those of israel); hence (collectively) troops or attendants; figuratively, a flock
וְלַאֲחֽוֹתֵיכֶ֖ם and to your sisters H269
וְלַאֲחֽוֹתֵיכֶ֖ם and to your sisters
Strong's: H269
Word #: 4 of 5
a sister (used very widely [like h0251], literally and figuratively)
רֻחָֽמָה׃ Ruhamah H7355
רֻחָֽמָה׃ Ruhamah
Strong's: H7355
Word #: 5 of 5
to fondle; by implication, to love, especially to compassionate

Analysis & Commentary

The call to proclamation: 'Say ye unto your brethren, Ammi; and to your sisters, Ruhamah.' The names reverse chapter 1's judgment: Lo-ammi (not my people) becomes Ammi (my people), Lo-ruhamah (no mercy) becomes Ruhamah (mercy shown). This shift from third to second person ('ye...your') makes it personal, moving from distant prophecy to direct address. The imperative 'say' commissions believers to proclaim identity transformation. Theologically, this anticipates the gospel: those declared 'not my people' now addressed as 'my people.' Romans 9:25 and 1 Peter 2:10 apply these names to the church, demonstrating that Gentiles—ultimate outsiders—receive covenant identity through Christ. The sibling language ('brethren...sisters') emphasizes family: covenant creates kinship transcending biology. We proclaim to others what God has proclaimed over us: acceptance, mercy, belonging.

Historical Context

This call to proclamation suggests a restored remnant declaring God's mercy to fellow Israelites post-exile. Historically, prophets like Haggai and Zechariah encouraged returnees from Babylon to recognize God's renewed favor. Yet fuller fulfillment came through apostolic preaching: Jews and Gentiles together constitute God's family (Galatians 3:26-29, Ephesians 2:19). The early church's inclusion of Samaritans (Acts 8) and Gentiles (Acts 10-11, 15) embodied this reconciliation. That believers are commanded to 'say' these names demonstrates evangelism's essence: proclaiming identity change available through Christ. We announce to the world: you can become God's people, receive mercy, join the family.

Questions for Reflection