Hebrews 12:20

Authorized King James Version

(For they could not endure that which was commanded, And if so much as a beast touch the mountain, it shall be stoned, or thrust through with a dart:

Word-by-Word Analysis
#1
οὐκ
not
the absolute negative (compare g3361) adverb; no or not
#2
ἔφερον
endure
to "bear" or carry (in a very wide application, literally and figuratively, as follows)
#3
γὰρ
(For
properly, assigning a reason (used in argument, explanation or intensification; often with other particles)
#4
τὸ
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
#5
διαστελλόμενον
that which was commanded
to set (oneself) apart (figuratively, distinguish), i.e., (by implication) to enjoin
#6
Κἂν
And if so much as
and (or even) if
#7
θηρίον
a beast
a dangerous animal
#8
θίγῃ
touch
to manipulate, i.e., have to do with; by implication, to injure
#9
τοῦ
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
#10
ὄρους
the mountain
a mountain (as lifting itself above the plain)
#11
λιθοβοληθήσεται·
it shall be stoned
to throw stones, i.e., lapidate
#12
or
disjunctive, or; comparative, than
#13
βολίδι
with a dart
a missile, i.e., javelin
#14
κατατοξευθήσεται·
thrust through
to shoot down with an arrow or other missile

Analysis

The salvation theme here intersects with the metanarrative of redemption running from Genesis to Revelation. Biblical theology recognizes this as part of a unified storyline from the promise in Genesis 3:15 to its fulfillment in Christ. The phrase emphasizing divine revelation contributes to our systematic understanding of Christian doctrine and connects to the broader scriptural witness about God's saving work from the Exodus to the cross.

Historical Context

This passage must be understood within the political and social structures of the biblical period. The author writes to address believers seeking to understand God's will and purposes, making the emphasis on salvation particularly relevant. Historical documents from this period show cultural practices and social structures that would have been familiar to the original readers, illuminating the verse's original impact.

Questions for Reflection

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