Genesis 4:11

Authorized King James Version

And now art thou cursed from the earth, which hath opened her mouth to receive thy brother's blood from thy hand;

Word-by-Word Analysis
#1
וְעַתָּ֖ה
at this time, whether adverb, conjunction or expletive
#2
אָר֣וּר
And now art thou cursed
to execrate
#3
אָ֑תָּה
thou and thee, or (plural) ye and you
#4
מִן
properly, a part of; hence (prepositionally), from or out of in many senses
#5
הָֽאֲדָמָה֙
from the earth
soil (from its general redness)
#6
אֲשֶׁ֣ר
who, which, what, that; also (as an adverb and a conjunction) when, where, how, because, in order that, etc
#7
פָּצְתָ֣ה
which hath opened
to rend, i.e., open (especially the mouth)
#8
אֶת
properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)
#9
פִּ֔יהָ
her mouth
the mouth (as the means of blowing), whether literal or figurative (particularly speech); specifically edge, portion or side; adverbially (with prepos
#10
לָקַ֛חַת
to receive
to take (in the widest variety of applications)
#11
אֶת
properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)
#12
דְּמֵ֥י
blood
blood (as that which when shed causes death) of man or an animal; by analogy, the juice of the grape; figuratively (especially in the plural) bloodshe
#13
אָחִ֖יךָ
thy brother's
a brother (used in the widest sense of literal relationship and metaphorical affinity or resemblance [like h0001])
#14
מִיָּדֶֽךָ׃
from thy hand
a hand (the open one [indicating power, means, direction, etc.], in distinction from h3709, the closed one); used (as noun, adverb, etc.) in a great v

Analysis

Within the broader context of Genesis, this passage highlights creation and providence through declarative statements that establish theological truth. The theological weight of divine revelation connects to fundamental Christian doctrine about divine revelation, contributing to our understanding of God's nature and relationship with humanity. This verse contributes to the book's overall argument by building upon previous themes while advancing the overall message of Genesis.

Historical Context

The historical context of the patriarchal period (c. 2000-1500 BCE) and primeval history provides crucial background for understanding this verse. The ancient Near Eastern world with its creation myths, flood narratives, and patriarchal social structures provided the cultural backdrop against which God's revelation stands in stark contrast. The ancient Near Eastern cosmology and patriarchal society would have shaped how the original audience understood divine revelation. Archaeological and historical evidence reveals Ancient Near Eastern creation texts like Enuma Elish provide comparative context for understanding Genesis's unique theological perspective.

Questions for Reflection

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