Genesis 32:31

Authorized King James Version

And as he passed over Penuel the sun rose upon him, and he halted upon his thigh.

Word-by-Word Analysis
#1
וַיִּֽזְרַֽח
rose
properly, to irradiate (or shoot forth beams), i.e., to rise (as the sun); specifically, to appear (as a symptom of leprosy)
#2
ל֣וֹ
H0
#3
הַשֶּׁ֔מֶשׁ
the sun
the sun; by implication, the east; figuratively, a ray, i.e., (architectural) a notched battlement
#4
כַּֽאֲשֶׁ֥ר
who, which, what, that; also (as an adverb and a conjunction) when, where, how, because, in order that, etc
#5
עָבַ֖ר
And as he passed over
to cross over; used very widely of any transition (literal or figurative; transitive, intransitive, intensive, causative); specifically, to cover (in
#6
אֶת
properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)
#7
פְּנוּאֵ֑ל
Penuel
penuel or peniel, a place east of jordan; also (as penuel) the name of two israelites
#8
וְה֥וּא
he (she or it); only expressed when emphatic or without a verb; also (intensively) self, or (especially with the article) the same; sometimes (as demo
#9
צֹלֵ֖עַ
upon him and he halted
to limp (as if one-sided)
#10
עַל
above, over, upon, or against (yet always in this last relation with a downward aspect) in a great variety of applications
#11
יְרֵכֽוֹ׃
upon his thigh
the thigh (from its fleshy softness); by euphemistically the generative parts; figuratively, a shank, flank, side

Analysis

Within the broader context of Genesis, this passage highlights creation and providence through simile or metaphorical language. The theological weight of divine revelation connects to fundamental Christian doctrine about divine revelation, contributing to our understanding of God's nature and relationship with humanity. This verse contributes to the book's overall argument by building upon previous themes while advancing the overall message of Genesis.

Historical Context

This passage must be understood within the tribal and clan-based society of the ancient Near East. The author writes to address the foundational narrative for Israel's identity and relationship with God, making the emphasis on creation and providence particularly relevant. Historical documents from this period show cultural practices and social structures that would have been familiar to the original readers, illuminating the verse's original impact.

Questions for Reflection

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