Genesis 21:27

Authorized King James Version

And Abraham took sheep and oxen, and gave them unto Abimelech; and both of them made a covenant.

Word-by-Word Analysis
#1
וַיִּקַּ֤ח
took
to take (in the widest variety of applications)
#2
אַבְרָהָם֙
H85
And Abraham
abraham, the later name of abram
#3
צֹ֣אן
sheep
a collective name for a flock (of sheep or goats); also figuratively (of men)
#4
וּבָקָ֔ר
and oxen
a beeve or an animal of the ox family of either gender (as used for plowing); collectively, a herd
#5
וַיִּתֵּ֖ן
and gave
to give, used with greatest latitude of application (put, make, etc.)
#6
לַֽאֲבִימֶ֑לֶךְ
H40
them unto Abimelech
abimelek, the name of two philistine kings and of two israelites
#7
וַיִּכְרְת֥וּ
made
to cut (off, down or asunder); by implication, to destroy or consume; specifically, to covenant (i.e., make an alliance or bargain, originally by cutt
#8
שְׁנֵיהֶ֖ם
and both of them
two; also (as ordinal) twofold
#9
בְּרִֽית׃
a covenant
a compact (because made by passing between pieces of flesh)

Analysis

The creation and providence theme here intersects with the broader canonical witness to God's character and purposes. Biblical theology recognizes this as part of progressive revelation that finds its culmination in Christ. The phrase emphasizing covenant contributes to our systematic understanding of Christian doctrine and connects to the broader scriptural witness about God's consistent character and purposes.

Historical Context

The literary and historical milieu of ancient Near Eastern narrative literature addressing origins and identity shapes this text's meaning. The development from creation to divine election established God's sovereign care over history Understanding a worldview where divine beings actively governed natural and historical processes helps modern readers appreciate why the author emphasizes covenant in this particular way.

Questions for Reflection

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