Genesis 16:15

Authorized King James Version

And Hagar bare Abram a son: and Abram called his son's name, which Hagar bare, Ishmael.

Word-by-Word Analysis
#1
יָֽלְדָ֥ה
bare
to bear young; causatively, to beget; medically, to act as midwife; specifically, to show lineage
#2
הָגָ֖ר
And Hagar
hagar, the mother of ishmael
#3
אַבְרָ֧ם
H87
Abram
abram, the original name of abraham
#4
בְּנ֛וֹ
a son
a son (as a builder of the family name), in the widest sense (of literal and figurative relationship, including grandson, subject, nation, quality or
#5
וַיִּקְרָ֨א
called
to call out to (i.e., properly, address by name, but used in a wide variety of applications)
#6
אַבְרָ֧ם
H87
Abram
abram, the original name of abraham
#7
שֶׁם
name
an appellation, as a mark or memorial of individuality; by implication honor, authority, character
#8
בְּנ֛וֹ
a son
a son (as a builder of the family name), in the widest sense (of literal and figurative relationship, including grandson, subject, nation, quality or
#9
אֲשֶׁר
who, which, what, that; also (as an adverb and a conjunction) when, where, how, because, in order that, etc
#10
יָֽלְדָ֥ה
bare
to bear young; causatively, to beget; medically, to act as midwife; specifically, to show lineage
#11
הָגָ֖ר
And Hagar
hagar, the mother of ishmael
#12
יִשְׁמָעֵֽאל׃
Ishmael
jishmael, the name of abraham's oldest son, and of five israelites

Analysis

The creation and providence theme here intersects with the broader canonical witness to God's character and purposes. Biblical theology recognizes this as part of progressive revelation that finds its culmination in Christ. The phrase emphasizing divine revelation contributes to our systematic understanding of Christian doctrine and connects to the broader scriptural witness about God's consistent character and purposes.

Historical Context

The historical context of the patriarchal period (c. 2000-1500 BCE) and primeval history provides crucial background for understanding this verse. The ancient Near Eastern world with its creation myths, flood narratives, and patriarchal social structures provided the cultural backdrop against which God's revelation stands in stark contrast. The ancient Near Eastern cosmology and patriarchal society would have shaped how the original audience understood divine revelation. Archaeological and historical evidence reveals Ancient Near Eastern creation texts like Enuma Elish provide comparative context for understanding Genesis's unique theological perspective.

Questions for Reflection

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