Galatians 5:9

Authorized King James Version

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A little leaven leaveneth the whole lump.

Original Language Analysis

μικρὰ A little G3398
μικρὰ A little
Strong's: G3398
Word #: 1 of 6
small (in size, quantity, number or (figuratively) dignity)
ζύμη leaven G2219
ζύμη leaven
Strong's: G2219
Word #: 2 of 6
ferment (as if boiling up)
ὅλον the whole G3650
ὅλον the whole
Strong's: G3650
Word #: 3 of 6
"whole" or "all", i.e., complete (in extent, amount, time or degree), especially (neuter) as noun or adverb
τὸ G3588
τὸ
Strong's: G3588
Word #: 4 of 6
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
φύραμα lump G5445
φύραμα lump
Strong's: G5445
Word #: 5 of 6
perhaps akin to g5453 through the idea of swelling in bulk), mean to knead; a mass of dough
ζυμοῖ leaveneth G2220
ζυμοῖ leaveneth
Strong's: G2220
Word #: 6 of 6
to cause to ferment

Analysis & Commentary

A little leaven leaveneth the whole lump. Proverbial warning about error's pervasive influence. "A little leaven" (mikra zymē, μικρὰ ζύμη)—small amount of yeast. Mikros (μικρός) emphasizes the seemingly insignificant quantity. "Leaveneth" (zymoi, ζυμοῖ)—present tense verb: is leavening, continuously fermenting. "The whole lump" (holon to phyrama, ὅλον τὸ φύραμα)—the entire batch of dough. Phyrama (φύραμα) is the mixed dough, the kneaded mass ready for baking.

Leaven in Scripture often symbolizes sin, corruption, evil influence (Exodus 12:15, Matthew 16:6, 1 Corinthians 5:6-8). A tiny amount of yeast permeates and transforms whole loaves. Paul's point: a little false teaching corrupts entire faith. The Judaizers' error—adding just circumcision to faith—seemed minor but fundamentally perverted the gospel. Small compromises have massive consequences. Allowing "just a little" law-righteousness destroys grace entirely. There's no such thing as minor theological error when it touches the gospel's heart. The Galatians thought they were making small addition to faith; Paul shows they're abandoning faith altogether. Vigilance against error, even apparently minor error, is essential. Don't tolerate leaven.

Historical Context

Jesus used leaven imagery to warn against Pharisaic and Sadducean teaching (Matthew 16:6-12). Paul uses it to warn against tolerating sexual immorality in the church (1 Corinthians 5:6-8) and here against doctrinal error. Leaven's permeating quality makes it perfect metaphor: false teaching doesn't stay contained but spreads, infecting the whole community. The Galatian churches hadn't fully embraced circumcision yet, but Paul warns: if you allow this teaching foothold, it will take over completely. Better to reject it entirely now than let it ferment and spread.

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