Ezra 3:12

Authorized King James Version

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But many of the priests and Levites and chief of the fathers, who were ancient men, that had seen the first house, when the foundation of this house was laid before their eyes, wept with a loud voice; and many shouted aloud for joy:

Original Language Analysis

וְרַבִּ֛ים But many H7227
וְרַבִּ֛ים But many
Strong's: H7227
Word #: 1 of 23
abundant (in quantity, size, age, number, rank, quality)
מֵהַכֹּֽהֲנִ֣ים of the priests H3548
מֵהַכֹּֽהֲנִ֣ים of the priests
Strong's: H3548
Word #: 2 of 23
literally one officiating, a priest; also (by courtesy) an acting priest (although a layman)
וְהַלְוִיִּם֩ and Levites H3881
וְהַלְוִיִּם֩ and Levites
Strong's: H3881
Word #: 3 of 23
a levite or descendant of levi
וְרָאשֵׁ֨י and chief H7218
וְרָאשֵׁ֨י and chief
Strong's: H7218
Word #: 4 of 23
the head (as most easily shaken), whether literal or figurative (in many applications, of place, time, rank, itc.)
הָֽאָב֜וֹת of the fathers H1
הָֽאָב֜וֹת of the fathers
Strong's: H1
Word #: 5 of 23
father, in a literal and immediate, or figurative and remote application
הַזְּקֵנִ֗ים who were ancient men H2205
הַזְּקֵנִ֗ים who were ancient men
Strong's: H2205
Word #: 6 of 23
old
אֲשֶׁ֨ר H834
אֲשֶׁ֨ר
Strong's: H834
Word #: 7 of 23
who, which, what, that; also (as an adverb and a conjunction) when, where, how, because, in order that, etc
רָא֜וּ that had seen H7200
רָא֜וּ that had seen
Strong's: H7200
Word #: 8 of 23
to see, literally or figuratively (in numerous applications, direct and implied, transitive, intransitive and causative)
אֶת H853
אֶת
Strong's: H853
Word #: 9 of 23
properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)
הַבַּ֙יִת֙ house H1004
הַבַּ֙יִת֙ house
Strong's: H1004
Word #: 10 of 23
a house (in the greatest variation of applications, especially family, etc.)
הָֽרִאשׁוֹן֙ the first H7223
הָֽרִאשׁוֹן֙ the first
Strong's: H7223
Word #: 11 of 23
first, in place, time or rank (as adjective or noun)
בְּיָסְד֔וֹ was laid H3245
בְּיָסְד֔וֹ was laid
Strong's: H3245
Word #: 12 of 23
to set (literally or figuratively); intensively, to found; reflexively, to sit down together, i.e., settle, consult
זֶ֤ה H2088
זֶ֤ה
Strong's: H2088
Word #: 13 of 23
the masculine demonstrative pronoun, this or that
הַבַּ֙יִת֙ house H1004
הַבַּ֙יִת֙ house
Strong's: H1004
Word #: 14 of 23
a house (in the greatest variation of applications, especially family, etc.)
בְּעֵ֣ינֵיהֶ֔ם before their eyes H5869
בְּעֵ֣ינֵיהֶ֔ם before their eyes
Strong's: H5869
Word #: 15 of 23
an eye (literally or figuratively); by analogy, a fountain (as the eye of the landscape)
בֹּכִ֖ים wept H1058
בֹּכִ֖ים wept
Strong's: H1058
Word #: 16 of 23
to weep; generally to bemoan
קֽוֹל׃ voice H6963
קֽוֹל׃ voice
Strong's: H6963
Word #: 17 of 23
a voice or sound
גָּד֑וֹל with a loud H1419
גָּד֑וֹל with a loud
Strong's: H1419
Word #: 18 of 23
great (in any sense); hence, older; also insolent
וְרַבִּ֛ים But many H7227
וְרַבִּ֛ים But many
Strong's: H7227
Word #: 19 of 23
abundant (in quantity, size, age, number, rank, quality)
בִּתְרוּעָ֥ה shouted H8643
בִּתְרוּעָ֥ה shouted
Strong's: H8643
Word #: 20 of 23
clamor, i.e., acclamation of joy or a battle-cry; especially clangor of trumpets, as an alarum
בְשִׂמְחָ֖ה for joy H8057
בְשִׂמְחָ֖ה for joy
Strong's: H8057
Word #: 21 of 23
blithesomeness or glee, (religious or festival)
לְהָרִ֥ים aloud H7311
לְהָרִ֥ים aloud
Strong's: H7311
Word #: 22 of 23
to be high actively, to rise or raise (in various applications, literally or figuratively)
קֽוֹל׃ voice H6963
קֽוֹל׃ voice
Strong's: H6963
Word #: 23 of 23
a voice or sound

Analysis & Commentary

The intergenerational contrast is poignant: old men who remembered Solomon's temple wept while younger returnees shouted for joy. The weeping wasn't disapproval but grief over the diminished glory compared to the original temple's splendor. This emotional complexity shows authentic faith embracing both sorrow over loss and hope for restoration. The inability to distinguish weeping from joy ('could not discern') suggests overwhelming volume and emotional intensity. This mixed response illustrates that legitimate spiritual experience encompasses diverse emotional expressions. Theologically, it demonstrates that faithful people may respond differently to the same situation based on their experiences, yet all participate in God's purposes.

Historical Context

Those who 'had seen the first house' were at least seventy years old (the temple was destroyed in 586 BC; this foundation was laid in 536 BC). Haggai 2:3 later addresses this emotional dynamic directly, acknowledging the diminished physical glory while prophesying greater spiritual glory. The weeping reflected not just nostalgia but recognition that this rebuilt structure lacked the original temple's gold overlay, massive cedar work, and enormous dimensions. Archaeological evidence suggests the second temple was indeed smaller and less ornate, though it occupied the same sacred site. The mixed emotional response creates the acoustic image of unified participation despite different perspectives.

Questions for Reflection