Ezekiel 31:3

Authorized King James Version

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Behold, the Assyrian was a cedar in Lebanon with fair branches, and with a shadowing shroud, and of an high stature; and his top was among the thick boughs.

Original Language Analysis

הִנֵּ֨ה H2009
הִנֵּ֨ה
Strong's: H2009
Word #: 1 of 14
lo!
אַשּׁ֜וּר Behold the Assyrian H804
אַשּׁ֜וּר Behold the Assyrian
Strong's: H804
Word #: 2 of 14
ashshur, the second son of shem; also his descendants and the country occupied by them (i.e., assyria), its region and its empire
אֶ֣רֶז was a cedar H730
אֶ֣רֶז was a cedar
Strong's: H730
Word #: 3 of 14
a cedar tree (from the tenacity of its roots)
בַּלְּבָנ֗וֹן in Lebanon H3844
בַּלְּבָנ֗וֹן in Lebanon
Strong's: H3844
Word #: 4 of 14
lebanon, a mountain range in palestine
יְפֵ֥ה with fair H3303
יְפֵ֥ה with fair
Strong's: H3303
Word #: 5 of 14
beautiful (literally or figuratively)
עָנָ֛ף branches H6057
עָנָ֛ף branches
Strong's: H6057
Word #: 6 of 14
a twig (as covering the limbs)
וְחֹ֥רֶשׁ shroud H2793
וְחֹ֥רֶשׁ shroud
Strong's: H2793
Word #: 7 of 14
a forest (perhaps as furnishing the material for fabric)
מֵצַ֖ל and with a shadowing H6751
מֵצַ֖ל and with a shadowing
Strong's: H6751
Word #: 8 of 14
to shade, as twilight or an opaque object
וּגְבַ֣הּ and of an high H1362
וּגְבַ֣הּ and of an high
Strong's: H1362
Word #: 9 of 14
lofty (literally or figuratively)
קוֹמָ֑ה stature H6967
קוֹמָ֑ה stature
Strong's: H6967
Word #: 10 of 14
height
וּבֵ֣ין H996
וּבֵ֣ין
Strong's: H996
Word #: 11 of 14
between (repeated before each noun, often with other particles); also as a conjunction, either...or
עֲבֹתִ֔ים was among the thick boughs H5688
עֲבֹתִ֔ים was among the thick boughs
Strong's: H5688
Word #: 12 of 14
something intwined, i.e., a string, wreath or foliage
הָיְתָ֖ה H1961
הָיְתָ֖ה
Strong's: H1961
Word #: 13 of 14
to exist, i.e., be or become, come to pass (always emphatic, and not a mere copula or auxiliary)
צַמַּרְתּֽוֹ׃ and his top H6788
צַמַּרְתּֽוֹ׃ and his top
Strong's: H6788
Word #: 14 of 14
fleeciness, i.e., foliage

Analysis & Commentary

The cedar metaphor depicts a mighty empire—beautiful, tall, far-reaching. The 'forest' represents the community of nations. Assyria's 'shadowy shroud' suggests protection provided to vassal states. Yet despite grandeur, the cedar fell. This teaches that earthly kingdoms, however magnificent, are temporary. Only God's kingdom endures forever (Daniel 2:44).

Historical Context

Assyria's fall came swiftly—Nineveh destroyed in 612 BC after appearing invincible for centuries. This recent historical memory made the comparison powerful. Egypt would follow the same trajectory despite current strength.

Questions for Reflection

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