Ezekiel 2:10

Authorized King James Version

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And he spread it before me; and it was written within and without: and there was written therein lamentations, and mourning, and woe.

Original Language Analysis

וַיִּפְרֹ֤שׂ And he spread H6566
וַיִּפְרֹ֤שׂ And he spread
Strong's: H6566
Word #: 1 of 12
to break apart, disperse, etc
אוֹתָהּ֙ H853
אוֹתָהּ֙
Strong's: H853
Word #: 2 of 12
properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)
פָּנִ֣ים it before H6440
פָּנִ֣ים it before
Strong's: H6440
Word #: 3 of 12
the face (as the part that turns); used in a great variety of applications (literally and figuratively); also (with prepositional prefix) as a preposi
וְהִ֥יא H1931
וְהִ֥יא
Strong's: H1931
Word #: 4 of 12
he (she or it); only expressed when emphatic or without a verb; also (intensively) self, or (especially with the article) the same; sometimes (as demo
וְכָת֣וּב and there was written H3789
וְכָת֣וּב and there was written
Strong's: H3789
Word #: 5 of 12
to grave, by implication, to write (describe, inscribe, prescribe, subscribe)
פָּנִ֣ים it before H6440
פָּנִ֣ים it before
Strong's: H6440
Word #: 6 of 12
the face (as the part that turns); used in a great variety of applications (literally and figuratively); also (with prepositional prefix) as a preposi
וְאָח֑וֹר and without H268
וְאָח֑וֹר and without
Strong's: H268
Word #: 7 of 12
the hinder part; hence (adverb) behind, backward; also (as facing north) the west
וְכָת֣וּב and there was written H3789
וְכָת֣וּב and there was written
Strong's: H3789
Word #: 8 of 12
to grave, by implication, to write (describe, inscribe, prescribe, subscribe)
אֵלֶ֔יהָ H413
אֵלֶ֔יהָ
Strong's: H413
Word #: 9 of 12
near, with or among; often in general, to
קִנִ֥ים therein lamentations H7015
קִנִ֥ים therein lamentations
Strong's: H7015
Word #: 10 of 12
a dirge (as accompanied by beating the breasts or on instruments)
וָהֶ֖גֶה and mourning H1899
וָהֶ֖גֶה and mourning
Strong's: H1899
Word #: 11 of 12
a muttering (in sighing, thought, or as thunder)
וָהִֽי׃ and woe H1958
וָהִֽי׃ and woe
Strong's: H1958
Word #: 12 of 12
lamentation

Analysis & Commentary

The scroll "written within and without" (both sides) signifies the comprehensive and complete nature of God's revealed judgment. Typically, only one side of a scroll was used; writing on both sides indicated unusual abundance of content. The message contains "lamentations, mourning, and woe"—threefold emphasis on sorrowful judgment. This comprehensiveness foreshadows the total devastation coming upon Jerusalem and warns that God's patience has limits. The Reformed understanding of God's holiness and justice appears here: sin cannot go unpunished, and when judgment comes, it will be thorough and complete.

Historical Context

In 593 BC, the scroll's message of comprehensive judgment seemed excessive to the exiles who expected quick restoration. However, within seven years, Jerusalem would be completely destroyed (586 BC), the temple burned, the Davidic king blinded and exiled, and the population slaughtered or scattered. The "lamentations" predicted in Ezekiel found expression in Jeremiah's Lamentations, which graphically describes Jerusalem's devastation. The double-sided scroll's unusual format emphasized the extraordinary nature of the coming judgment—unprecedented in Israel's history until the Roman destruction in AD 70.

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