Exodus 40:1

Authorized King James Version

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And the LORD spake unto Moses, saying,

Original Language Analysis

וַיְדַבֵּ֥ר spake H1696
וַיְדַבֵּ֥ר spake
Strong's: H1696
Word #: 1 of 5
perhaps properly, to arrange; but used figuratively (of words), to speak; rarely (in a destructive sense) to subdue
יְהוָ֖ה And the LORD H3068
יְהוָ֖ה And the LORD
Strong's: H3068
Word #: 2 of 5
(the) self-existent or eternal; jeho-vah, jewish national name of god
אֶל H413
אֶל
Strong's: H413
Word #: 3 of 5
near, with or among; often in general, to
מֹשֶׁ֥ה unto Moses H4872
מֹשֶׁ֥ה unto Moses
Strong's: H4872
Word #: 4 of 5
mosheh, the israelite lawgiver
לֵּאמֹֽר׃ saying H559
לֵּאמֹֽר׃ saying
Strong's: H559
Word #: 5 of 5
to say (used with great latitude)

Analysis & Commentary

The LORD spake unto Moses (וַיְדַבֵּר יְהוָה אֶל־מֹשֶׁה, vayedaber YHWH el-Mosheh)—the verb דָּבַר (davar, to speak) introduces divine instruction for erecting the completed tabernacle. This formulaic opening appears 38 times in Exodus, establishing Moses' unique prophetic authority as the one to whom YHWH speaks directly (Numbers 12:6-8).

Exodus 40 brings the book full circle: it began with Israel enslaved in Egypt (1:1-14) and ends with God's glory dwelling among them (40:34-38). The simple phrase saying (לֵּאמֹר, lemor) introduces God's detailed commands for the tabernacle's dedication on the first day of the first month—exactly one year after the first Passover. This marks Israel's transformation from liberated slaves to a nation hosting God's presence.

Historical Context

This occurred in 1445 BC, approximately nine months after the exodus and three months after Moses received the Law at Sinai. The tabernacle construction demonstrates Israel's restoration after the golden calf apostasy—God's willingness to dwell among a redeemed but imperfect people.

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