Exodus 39:4
They made shoulderpieces for it, to couple it together: by the two edges was it coupled together.
Original Language Analysis
כְּתֵפֹ֥ת
shoulderpieces
H3802
כְּתֵפֹ֥ת
shoulderpieces
Strong's:
H3802
Word #:
1 of 8
the shoulder (proper, i.e., upper end of the arm; as being the spot where the garments hang); figuratively, side-piece or lateral projection of anythi
עָֽשׂוּ
They made
H6213
עָֽשׂוּ
They made
Strong's:
H6213
Word #:
2 of 8
to do or make, in the broadest sense and widest application
חֻבָּֽר׃
for it to couple it together
H2266
חֻבָּֽר׃
for it to couple it together
Strong's:
H2266
Word #:
4 of 8
to join (literally or figuratively); specifically (by means of spells) to fascinate
עַל
H5921
עַל
Strong's:
H5921
Word #:
5 of 8
above, over, upon, or against (yet always in this last relation with a downward aspect) in a great variety of applications
Historical Context
Ancient Near Eastern priestly garments often featured elaborate construction, but Israel's ephod uniquely bore the names of the covenant people, emphasizing representative mediation rather than personal priestly glory. The shoulderpieces' coupling ensured the stones remained securely positioned.
Questions for Reflection
- What comfort comes from knowing Christ bears believers' names on His strong shoulders, not weak human strength?
- How does priestly ministry 'coupling' God and people illuminate Christ's unique mediatorial role?
Related Resources
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Analysis & Commentary
The shoulderpieces coupling the ephod together (חָבַר, chavar, to join) created structural unity, enabling the garment to bear the onyx stones engraved with Israel's tribal names (v. 6-7). This 'coupling' illustrates that priestly ministry unites God and people—the mediator bridges the divide. The shoulder placement signifies strength; Christ carries His elect not on weak human shoulders but omnipotent divine shoulders. The ephod's two-piece design, joined together, may prefigure Christ uniting divine and human natures in His person.