Exodus 32:18

Authorized King James Version

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And he said, It is not the voice of them that shout for mastery, neither is it the voice of them that cry for being overcome: but the noise of them that sing do I hear.

Original Language Analysis

וַיֹּ֗אמֶר And he said H559
וַיֹּ֗אמֶר And he said
Strong's: H559
Word #: 1 of 13
to say (used with great latitude)
אֵ֥ין H369
אֵ֥ין
Strong's: H369
Word #: 2 of 13
a nonentity; generally used as a negative particle
ק֣וֹל It is not the voice H6963
ק֣וֹל It is not the voice
Strong's: H6963
Word #: 3 of 13
a voice or sound
עֲנ֣וֹת of them that cry H6030
עֲנ֣וֹת of them that cry
Strong's: H6030
Word #: 4 of 13
properly, to eye or (generally) to heed, i.e., pay attention; by implication, to respond; by extension to begin to speak; specifically to sing, shout,
גְּבוּרָ֔ה for mastery H1369
גְּבוּרָ֔ה for mastery
Strong's: H1369
Word #: 5 of 13
force (literally or figuratively); by implication, valor, victory
וְאֵ֥ין H369
וְאֵ֥ין
Strong's: H369
Word #: 6 of 13
a nonentity; generally used as a negative particle
ק֣וֹל It is not the voice H6963
ק֣וֹל It is not the voice
Strong's: H6963
Word #: 7 of 13
a voice or sound
עֲנ֣וֹת of them that cry H6030
עֲנ֣וֹת of them that cry
Strong's: H6030
Word #: 8 of 13
properly, to eye or (generally) to heed, i.e., pay attention; by implication, to respond; by extension to begin to speak; specifically to sing, shout,
חֲלוּשָׁ֑ה for being overcome H2476
חֲלוּשָׁ֑ה for being overcome
Strong's: H2476
Word #: 9 of 13
defeat
ק֣וֹל It is not the voice H6963
ק֣וֹל It is not the voice
Strong's: H6963
Word #: 10 of 13
a voice or sound
עַנּ֔וֹת of them that sing H6031
עַנּ֔וֹת of them that sing
Strong's: H6031
Word #: 11 of 13
to depress literally or figuratively, transitive or intransitive (in various applications, as follows)
אָֽנֹכִ֖י H595
אָֽנֹכִ֖י
Strong's: H595
Word #: 12 of 13
i
שֹׁמֵֽעַ׃ do I hear H8085
שֹׁמֵֽעַ׃ do I hear
Strong's: H8085
Word #: 13 of 13
to hear intelligently (often with implication of attention, obedience, etc.; causatively, to tell, etc.)

Analysis & Commentary

Moses' threefold correction uses different Hebrew terms: not קוֹל עֲנוֹת גְּבוּרָה (qol anot gevurah, sound of triumph) nor קוֹל עֲנוֹת חֲלוּשָׁה (qol anot chalushah, sound of defeat), but קוֹל עַנּוֹת (qol annot, sound of singing/responding). The word עַנּוֹת (annot) suggests responsive singing, likely the antiphonal worship of pagan festivals. Moses recognized immediately what Joshua missed—this was worship, but directed toward the wrong object. The parallel sounds (עֲנוֹת, anot) emphasize Moses' certainty that this was religious activity, not warfare.

Historical Context

Moses' immediate discernment came from his awareness of Egyptian religion (having lived in Pharaoh's court) and God's recent revelation. He recognized pagan worship patterns despite Joshua's military interpretation.

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