Exodus 27:1

Authorized King James Version

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And thou shalt make an altar of shittim wood, five cubits long, and five cubits broad; the altar shall be foursquare: and the height thereof shall be three cubits.

Original Language Analysis

וְעָשִׂ֥יתָ And thou shalt make H6213
וְעָשִׂ֥יתָ And thou shalt make
Strong's: H6213
Word #: 1 of 17
to do or make, in the broadest sense and widest application
אֶת H853
אֶת
Strong's: H853
Word #: 2 of 17
properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)
הַמִּזְבֵּ֔חַ an altar H4196
הַמִּזְבֵּ֔חַ an altar
Strong's: H4196
Word #: 3 of 17
an altar
עֲצֵ֣י wood H6086
עֲצֵ֣י wood
Strong's: H6086
Word #: 4 of 17
a tree (from its firmness); hence, wood (plural sticks)
שִׁטִּ֑ים of shittim H7848
שִׁטִּ֑ים of shittim
Strong's: H7848
Word #: 5 of 17
the acacia (from its scourging thorns)
וְחָמֵ֧שׁ and five H2568
וְחָמֵ֧שׁ and five
Strong's: H2568
Word #: 6 of 17
five
אַמּ֖וֹת cubits H520
אַמּ֖וֹת cubits
Strong's: H520
Word #: 7 of 17
properly, a mother (i.e., unit of measure, or the fore-arm (below the elbow), i.e., a cubit; also a door-base (as a bond of the entrance)
אֹ֜רֶךְ long H753
אֹ֜רֶךְ long
Strong's: H753
Word #: 8 of 17
length
וְחָמֵ֧שׁ and five H2568
וְחָמֵ֧שׁ and five
Strong's: H2568
Word #: 9 of 17
five
אַמּ֖וֹת cubits H520
אַמּ֖וֹת cubits
Strong's: H520
Word #: 10 of 17
properly, a mother (i.e., unit of measure, or the fore-arm (below the elbow), i.e., a cubit; also a door-base (as a bond of the entrance)
רֹ֗חַב broad H7341
רֹ֗חַב broad
Strong's: H7341
Word #: 11 of 17
width (literally or figuratively)
רָב֤וּעַ shall be foursquare H7251
רָב֤וּעַ shall be foursquare
Strong's: H7251
Word #: 12 of 17
to be quadrate
יִֽהְיֶה֙ H1961
יִֽהְיֶה֙
Strong's: H1961
Word #: 13 of 17
to exist, i.e., be or become, come to pass (always emphatic, and not a mere copula or auxiliary)
הַמִּזְבֵּ֔חַ an altar H4196
הַמִּזְבֵּ֔חַ an altar
Strong's: H4196
Word #: 14 of 17
an altar
וְשָׁלֹ֥שׁ thereof shall be three H7969
וְשָׁלֹ֥שׁ thereof shall be three
Strong's: H7969
Word #: 15 of 17
three; occasionally (ordinal) third, or (multiple) thrice
אַמּ֖וֹת cubits H520
אַמּ֖וֹת cubits
Strong's: H520
Word #: 16 of 17
properly, a mother (i.e., unit of measure, or the fore-arm (below the elbow), i.e., a cubit; also a door-base (as a bond of the entrance)
קֹֽמָתֽוֹ׃ and the height H6967
קֹֽמָתֽוֹ׃ and the height
Strong's: H6967
Word #: 17 of 17
height

Analysis & Commentary

The bronze altar (מִזְבֵּחַ, mizbeach) of acacia wood overlaid with bronze stands at the tabernacle entrance—the first object worshipers encounter. Bronze consistently represents judgment; this altar where animals are consumed by fire prefigures Christ bearing God's judgment in our place. Measuring 5 × 5 × 3 cubits (approximately 7.5' square, 4.5' high), its size indicates the magnitude of sin requiring atonement. Christ's cross is our bronze altar where divine wrath was satisfied.

Historical Context

This altar stood in the outer court between the tabernacle entrance and the courtyard gate, visible to all Israel. Daily burnt offerings (morning and evening) were consumed here, maintaining covenant relationship between God and His people through substitutionary sacrifice.

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