Exodus 1:4
Dan, and Naphtali, Gad, and Asher.
Original Language Analysis
דָּ֥ן
Dan
H1835
דָּ֥ן
Dan
Strong's:
H1835
Word #:
1 of 4
dan, one of the sons of jacob; also the tribe descended from him, and its territory; likewise a place in palestine colonized by them
וְנַפְתָּלִ֖י
and Naphtali
H5321
וְנַפְתָּלִ֖י
and Naphtali
Strong's:
H5321
Word #:
2 of 4
naphtali, a son of jacob, with the tribe descended from him, and its territory
Historical Context
These four tribes, though from concubines, occupied strategic territories in Canaan—Dan in the north, Naphtali in Galilee (where Jesus later ministered, Matthew 4:13-15), Gad east of Jordan, and Asher along the Mediterranean coast. Their inclusion validates all Israelites as covenant children.
Questions for Reflection
- How does God's equal treatment of all twelve sons challenge worldly notions of status and privilege?
- In what ways does this passage affirm that spiritual heritage transcends social origins?
Related Resources
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Analysis & Commentary
Dan, and Naphtali, Gad, and Asher—The sons of the handmaids (Bilhah and Zilpah) complete the twelve. Though born of secondary status, these tribes receive equal inheritance in God's covenant economy. Dan (דָּן, "judge") would provide judges for Israel (Judges 13-16). Naphtali (נַפְתָּלִי, "my wrestling") recalls Rachel's struggle. Gad (גָּד, "fortune") and Asher (אָשֵׁר, "happy") represent blessing despite difficult origins. This inclusivity demonstrates that God's covenant extends beyond natural privilege to all He sovereignly chooses.