For the Jews that were in Shushan gathered themselves together on the fourteenth day also of the month Adar, and slew three hundred men at Shushan; but on the prey they laid not their hand.
For the Jews that were in Shushan gathered themselves together on the fourteenth day also of the month Adar, and slew three hundred men at Shushan; but on the prey they laid not their hand. Shushan's Jews received permission for a second day of defense (v. 13), slaying 300 more enemies on Adar 14. The repetition "but on the prey they laid not their hand" (echoing v. 10, 16) emphasizes that Jewish motive was self-defense, not enrichment. This restraint distinguished them from their enemies (who sought plunder, 3:13) and demonstrated righteousness. The double emphasis on refusing spoils makes this a central point—Jews fought for survival and justice, not greed. This restraint honored God and distinguished their actions from mere violence or vengeance.
Historical Context
The two-day battle in Shushan (Adar 13-14) contrasted with the single day in the provinces (Adar 13 only), explaining why Purim is celebrated on different days (14th in most places, 15th in Shushan/walled cities). The extra day suggests Shushan faced more intense opposition or larger enemy forces requiring extended conflict. Archaeological evidence confirms Shushan's size and significance as imperial capital would have concentrated both Jewish population and potential enemies. The 300 killed on the second day, added to the 500 on the first (v. 12), made 800 total in Shushan—proportionally high compared to the 75,000 throughout all provinces (v. 16), suggesting intense urban conflict.
Questions for Reflection
How does the repeated emphasis on refusing plunder demonstrate that righteousness in victory requires purity of motive and restraint in action?
What does this teach about distinguishing legitimate self-defense from exploitation or revenge?
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Analysis & Commentary
For the Jews that were in Shushan gathered themselves together on the fourteenth day also of the month Adar, and slew three hundred men at Shushan; but on the prey they laid not their hand. Shushan's Jews received permission for a second day of defense (v. 13), slaying 300 more enemies on Adar 14. The repetition "but on the prey they laid not their hand" (echoing v. 10, 16) emphasizes that Jewish motive was self-defense, not enrichment. This restraint distinguished them from their enemies (who sought plunder, 3:13) and demonstrated righteousness. The double emphasis on refusing spoils makes this a central point—Jews fought for survival and justice, not greed. This restraint honored God and distinguished their actions from mere violence or vengeance.