Esther 6:9

Authorized King James Version

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And let this apparel and horse be delivered to the hand of one of the king's most noble princes, that they may array the man withal whom the king delighteth to honour, and bring him on horseback through the street of the city, and proclaim before him, Thus shall it be done to the man whom the king delighteth to honour.

Original Language Analysis

וְנָת֨וֹן be delivered H5414
וְנָת֨וֹן be delivered
Strong's: H5414
Word #: 1 of 30
to give, used with greatest latitude of application (put, make, etc.)
הַלְּב֜וּשׁ And let this apparel H3830
הַלְּב֜וּשׁ And let this apparel
Strong's: H3830
Word #: 2 of 30
a garment (literally or figuratively); by implication (euphemistically) a wife
הַסּוּס֙ and horse H5483
הַסּוּס֙ and horse
Strong's: H5483
Word #: 3 of 30
a horse (as leaping)
עַל H5921
עַל
Strong's: H5921
Word #: 4 of 30
above, over, upon, or against (yet always in this last relation with a downward aspect) in a great variety of applications
יַד to the hand H3027
יַד to the hand
Strong's: H3027
Word #: 5 of 30
a hand (the open one [indicating power, means, direction, etc.], in distinction from h3709, the closed one); used (as noun, adverb, etc.) in a great v
לָאִ֔ישׁ of one H376
לָאִ֔ישׁ of one
Strong's: H376
Word #: 6 of 30
a man as an individual or a male person; often used as an adjunct to a more definite term (and in such cases frequently not expressed in translation)
מִשָּׂרֵ֤י princes H8269
מִשָּׂרֵ֤י princes
Strong's: H8269
Word #: 7 of 30
a head person (of any rank or class)
הַמֶּ֖לֶךְ of the king's H4428
הַמֶּ֖לֶךְ of the king's
Strong's: H4428
Word #: 8 of 30
a king
הַֽפַּרְתְּמִ֔ים most noble H6579
הַֽפַּרְתְּמִ֔ים most noble
Strong's: H6579
Word #: 9 of 30
a grandee
וְהִלְבִּ֙ישׁוּ֙ that they may array H3847
וְהִלְבִּ֙ישׁוּ֙ that they may array
Strong's: H3847
Word #: 10 of 30
properly, wrap around, i.e., (by implication) to put on a garment or clothe (oneself, or another), literally or figuratively
אֶת H853
אֶת
Strong's: H853
Word #: 11 of 30
properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)
לָאִ֔ישׁ of one H376
לָאִ֔ישׁ of one
Strong's: H376
Word #: 12 of 30
a man as an individual or a male person; often used as an adjunct to a more definite term (and in such cases frequently not expressed in translation)
אֲשֶׁ֥ר H834
אֲשֶׁ֥ר
Strong's: H834
Word #: 13 of 30
who, which, what, that; also (as an adverb and a conjunction) when, where, how, because, in order that, etc
הַמֶּ֖לֶךְ of the king's H4428
הַמֶּ֖לֶךְ of the king's
Strong's: H4428
Word #: 14 of 30
a king
חָפֵ֥ץ delighteth H2654
חָפֵ֥ץ delighteth
Strong's: H2654
Word #: 15 of 30
properly, to incline to; by implication (literally but rarely) to bend; figuratively, to be pleased with, desire
בִּֽיקָרֽוֹ׃ to honour H3366
בִּֽיקָרֽוֹ׃ to honour
Strong's: H3366
Word #: 16 of 30
value, i.e., (concretely) wealth; abstractly, costliness, dignity
וְהִרְכִּיבֻ֤הוּ and bring H7392
וְהִרְכִּיבֻ֤הוּ and bring
Strong's: H7392
Word #: 17 of 30
to ride (on an animal or in a vehicle); causatively, to place upon (for riding or generally), to despatch
עַל H5921
עַל
Strong's: H5921
Word #: 18 of 30
above, over, upon, or against (yet always in this last relation with a downward aspect) in a great variety of applications
הַסּוּס֙ and horse H5483
הַסּוּס֙ and horse
Strong's: H5483
Word #: 19 of 30
a horse (as leaping)
בִּרְח֣וֹב through the street H7339
בִּרְח֣וֹב through the street
Strong's: H7339
Word #: 20 of 30
a width, i.e., (concretely) avenue or area
הָעִ֔יר of the city H5892
הָעִ֔יר of the city
Strong's: H5892
Word #: 21 of 30
a city (a place guarded by waking or a watch) in the widest sense (even of a mere encampment or post)
וְקָֽרְא֣וּ and proclaim H7121
וְקָֽרְא֣וּ and proclaim
Strong's: H7121
Word #: 22 of 30
to call out to (i.e., properly, address by name, but used in a wide variety of applications)
לְפָנָ֔יו before H6440
לְפָנָ֔יו before
Strong's: H6440
Word #: 23 of 30
the face (as the part that turns); used in a great variety of applications (literally and figuratively); also (with prepositional prefix) as a preposi
כָּ֚כָה H3602
כָּ֚כָה
Strong's: H3602
Word #: 24 of 30
just so, referring to the previous or following context
יֵֽעָשֶׂ֣ה him Thus shall it be done H6213
יֵֽעָשֶׂ֣ה him Thus shall it be done
Strong's: H6213
Word #: 25 of 30
to do or make, in the broadest sense and widest application
לָאִ֔ישׁ of one H376
לָאִ֔ישׁ of one
Strong's: H376
Word #: 26 of 30
a man as an individual or a male person; often used as an adjunct to a more definite term (and in such cases frequently not expressed in translation)
אֲשֶׁ֥ר H834
אֲשֶׁ֥ר
Strong's: H834
Word #: 27 of 30
who, which, what, that; also (as an adverb and a conjunction) when, where, how, because, in order that, etc
הַמֶּ֖לֶךְ of the king's H4428
הַמֶּ֖לֶךְ of the king's
Strong's: H4428
Word #: 28 of 30
a king
חָפֵ֥ץ delighteth H2654
חָפֵ֥ץ delighteth
Strong's: H2654
Word #: 29 of 30
properly, to incline to; by implication (literally but rarely) to bend; figuratively, to be pleased with, desire
בִּֽיקָרֽוֹ׃ to honour H3366
בִּֽיקָרֽוֹ׃ to honour
Strong's: H3366
Word #: 30 of 30
value, i.e., (concretely) wealth; abstractly, costliness, dignity

Analysis & Commentary

And let this apparel and horse be delivered to the hand of one of the king's most noble princes, Haman envisions one of the empire's highest officials (sarei hamelekh, שָׂרֵי הַמֶּלֶךְ, "princes of the king") serving as his attendant. The role reversal Haman imagines—a noble prince attending him—will become crushing reality when he himself must serve Mordecai.

That they may array the man withal whom the king delighteth to honour, and bring him on horseback through the street of the city, The Hebrew rehov ha'ir (רְחוֹב הָעִיר, "street of the city") indicates the main thoroughfare of Shushan where maximum public visibility occurs. The procession design ensures empire-wide knowledge of royal favor. And proclaim before him, Thus shall it be done to the man whom the king delighteth to honour. The proclamation formula (ko ye'aseh, כֹּה יֵעָשֶׂה, "thus it shall be done") makes this official royal policy, not private favor. The fourfold repetition of "whom the king delighteth to honour" (verses 6, 7, 9, 11) hammers home the theme of divine reversal. Haman designs an honor he will proclaim for his mortal enemy.

Historical Context

Ancient victory processions and honor ceremonies included public proclamation, display of royal symbols, and prominent routing through main streets. Roman triumphal processions, Persian royal entries, and Near Eastern victory parades all featured elaborate public display designed to maximize visibility and establish precedent. The requirement that a noble prince personally lead the honored person elevates the ceremony beyond mere recognition to a demonstration of the empire's hierarchical structure honoring the recipient. Archaeological evidence from Persian reliefs shows similar processions with crowned horses, elaborately dressed figures, and attendants. The street of Shushan would have been the main thoroughfare connecting the royal citadel to the lower city, ensuring both elite and common witnesses to this honor. The public proclamation created official record and prevented later dispute about the king's will.

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