Esther 2:3

Authorized King James Version

PDF

And let the king appoint officers in all the provinces of his kingdom, that they may gather together all the fair young virgins unto Shushan the palace, to the house of the women, unto the custody of Hege the king's chamberlain, keeper of the women; and let their things for purification be given them:

Original Language Analysis

וְיַפְקֵ֨ד appoint H6485
וְיַפְקֵ֨ד appoint
Strong's: H6485
Word #: 1 of 28
to visit (with friendly or hostile intent); by analogy, to oversee, muster, charge, care for, miss, deposit, etc
הַמֶּ֖לֶךְ And let the king H4428
הַמֶּ֖לֶךְ And let the king
Strong's: H4428
Word #: 2 of 28
a king
פְּקִידִים֮ officers H6496
פְּקִידִים֮ officers
Strong's: H6496
Word #: 3 of 28
a superintendent (civil, military or religious)
בְּכָל H3605
בְּכָל
Strong's: H3605
Word #: 4 of 28
properly, the whole; hence, all, any or every (in the singular only, but often in a plural sense)
מְדִינ֣וֹת in all the provinces H4082
מְדִינ֣וֹת in all the provinces
Strong's: H4082
Word #: 5 of 28
properly, a judgeship, i.e., jurisdiction; by implication, a district (as ruled by a judge); generally, a region
מַלְכוּתוֹ֒ of his kingdom H4438
מַלְכוּתוֹ֒ of his kingdom
Strong's: H4438
Word #: 6 of 28
a rule; concretely, a dominion
וְיִקְבְּצ֣וּ that they may gather together H6908
וְיִקְבְּצ֣וּ that they may gather together
Strong's: H6908
Word #: 7 of 28
to grasp, i.e., collect
אֶת H853
אֶת
Strong's: H853
Word #: 8 of 28
properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)
כָּל H3605
כָּל
Strong's: H3605
Word #: 9 of 28
properly, the whole; hence, all, any or every (in the singular only, but often in a plural sense)
נַעֲרָֽה young H5291
נַעֲרָֽה young
Strong's: H5291
Word #: 10 of 28
a girl (from infancy to adolescence)
בְ֠תוּלָה virgins H1330
בְ֠תוּלָה virgins
Strong's: H1330
Word #: 11 of 28
a virgin (from her privacy); sometimes (by continuation) a bride; also (figuratively) a city or state
טוֹבַ֨ת all the fair H2896
טוֹבַ֨ת all the fair
Strong's: H2896
Word #: 12 of 28
good (as an adjective) in the widest sense; used likewise as a noun, both in the masculine and the feminine, the singular and the plural (good, a good
מַרְאֶ֜ה H4758
מַרְאֶ֜ה
Strong's: H4758
Word #: 13 of 28
a view (the act of seeing); also an appearance (the thing seen), whether (real) a shape (especially if handsome, comeliness; often plural the looks),
אֶל H413
אֶל
Strong's: H413
Word #: 14 of 28
near, with or among; often in general, to
שׁוּשַׁ֤ן unto Shushan H7800
שׁוּשַׁ֤ן unto Shushan
Strong's: H7800
Word #: 15 of 28
shushan, a place in persia
הַבִּירָה֙ the palace H1002
הַבִּירָה֙ the palace
Strong's: H1002
Word #: 16 of 28
a castle or palace
אֶל H413
אֶל
Strong's: H413
Word #: 17 of 28
near, with or among; often in general, to
בֵּ֣ית to the house H1004
בֵּ֣ית to the house
Strong's: H1004
Word #: 18 of 28
a house (in the greatest variation of applications, especially family, etc.)
הַנָּשִׁ֑ים of the women H802
הַנָּשִׁ֑ים of the women
Strong's: H802
Word #: 19 of 28
a woman
אֶל H413
אֶל
Strong's: H413
Word #: 20 of 28
near, with or among; often in general, to
יַ֥ד unto the custody H3027
יַ֥ד unto the custody
Strong's: H3027
Word #: 21 of 28
a hand (the open one [indicating power, means, direction, etc.], in distinction from h3709, the closed one); used (as noun, adverb, etc.) in a great v
הֵגֶ֛א of Hege H1896
הֵגֶ֛א of Hege
Strong's: H1896
Word #: 22 of 28
hege or hegai, a eunuch of xerxes
סְרִ֥יס chamberlain H5631
סְרִ֥יס chamberlain
Strong's: H5631
Word #: 23 of 28
a eunuch; by implication, valet (especially of the female apartments), and thus, a minister of state
הַמֶּ֖לֶךְ And let the king H4428
הַמֶּ֖לֶךְ And let the king
Strong's: H4428
Word #: 24 of 28
a king
שֹׁמֵ֣ר keeper H8104
שֹׁמֵ֣ר keeper
Strong's: H8104
Word #: 25 of 28
properly, to hedge about (as with thorns), i.e., guard; generally, to protect, attend to, etc
הַנָּשִׁ֑ים of the women H802
הַנָּשִׁ֑ים of the women
Strong's: H802
Word #: 26 of 28
a woman
וְנָת֖וֹן be given H5414
וְנָת֖וֹן be given
Strong's: H5414
Word #: 27 of 28
to give, used with greatest latitude of application (put, make, etc.)
תַּמְרוּקֵיהֶֽן׃ and let their things for purification H8562
תַּמְרוּקֵיהֶֽן׃ and let their things for purification
Strong's: H8562
Word #: 28 of 28
properly, a scouring, i.e., soap or perfumery for the bath; figuratively, a detergent

Analysis & Commentary

And let the king appoint officers in all the provinces of his kingdom, that they may gather together all the fair young virgins unto Shushan the palace, to the house of the women, unto the custody of Hege the king's chamberlain, keeper of the women; and let their things for purification be given them: The servants' proposal becomes more detailed, outlining the administrative mechanism for this empire-wide search. The appointment of "officers" in all 127 provinces demonstrates the Persian Empire's bureaucratic sophistication. The phrase "gather together all the fair young virgins" reveals the compulsory nature of this "contest"—beautiful young women throughout the empire would be rounded up whether they wished to participate or not. The reference to Hegai, "the king's chamberlain, keeper of the women," establishes the administrative infrastructure. Every detail of this worldly, exploitative system becomes, in God's providence, the pathway for Esther's strategic positioning.

Historical Context

Persian administrative efficiency enabled rapid, comprehensive implementation of royal decrees throughout the empire. Archaeological evidence from Persepolis fortification tablets documents this administrative apparatus. The reference to the "house of the women" indicates the separate harem quarters within the palace complex. Excavations at Susa and Persepolis confirm elaborate women's quarters with independent facilities. Hegai's role as "keeper of the women" was a significant court position, managing the complex logistics for potentially hundreds of women. The twelve-month purification process reflects ancient beauty practices documented in various ancient texts, involving oils, perfumes, and beauty treatments.

Questions for Reflection

Related Resources

Explore related topics, people, and study resources to deepen your understanding of this passage.

People

Bible Stories