Ecclesiastes 2:8
I gathered me also silver and gold, and the peculiar treasure of kings and of the provinces: I gat me men singers and women singers, and the delights of the sons of men, as musical instruments, and that of all sorts.
Original Language Analysis
Cross References
Historical Context
First Kings 10:23 declares 'King Solomon exceeded all the kings of the earth for riches and for wisdom.' The Queen of Sheba's visit (1 Kings 10:1-13) demonstrates Solomon's international reputation. Archaeological discoveries confirm extensive 10th-century BC trade networks. Solomon's fleet brought exotic goods from Ophir (1 Kings 9:26-28). His palace featured golden shields, an ivory throne overlaid with gold, and golden drinking vessels (1 Kings 10:16-21). Yet despite unparalleled wealth and refined pleasures, Ecclesiastes retrospectively pronounces it all 'vanity.' Church history confirms this pattern—wealthy rulers from Nero to Louis XIV discovered that luxury cannot satisfy the soul. Augustine's Confessions articulates the timeless truth: 'Thou hast made us for thyself, O Lord, and our heart is restless until it finds its rest in thee.'
Questions for Reflection
- What luxuries, entertainments, or refined pleasures have you pursued hoping they would provide lasting satisfaction?
- How does Solomon's comprehensive experiment with every conceivable pleasure challenge the assumption that you simply haven't found the right pleasure yet?
Analysis & Commentary
I gathered me also silver and gold, and the peculiar treasure of kings and of the provinces—the Hebrew 'segullah' (סְגֻלָּה, peculiar treasure) denotes special, prized possessions reserved for royalty. First Kings 10:14-22 records that Solomon's annual gold income reached 666 talents (approximately 25 tons), with additional silver so abundant it was considered common. International trade made Jerusalem a commercial hub accumulating unprecedented wealth.
I gat me men singers and women singers, and the delights of the sons of men—musical entertainment of the highest caliber, with professional performers of both genders. The phrase the delights of the sons of men (ta'anugot bene adam, תַּעֲנֻגוֹת בְּנֵי אָדָם) is enigmatic. The final phrase as musical instruments, and that of all sorts likely refers to extensive instrumental variety, though some translations suggest concubines. Regardless, Solomon exhausted every avenue of sensory pleasure—wealth, music, entertainment, luxury—yet found none ultimately satisfying. Paul later warned: 'they that will be rich fall into temptation' (1 Timothy 6:9), and Jesus taught storing heavenly rather than earthly treasures (Matthew 6:19-21).