Deuteronomy 4:11

Authorized King James Version

And ye came near and stood under the mountain; and the mountain burned with fire unto the midst of heaven, with darkness, clouds, and thick darkness.

Word-by-Word Analysis
#1
וַתִּקְרְב֥וּן
And ye came near
to approach (causatively, bring near) for whatever purpose
#2
וַתַּֽעַמְד֖וּן
and stood
to stand, in various relations (literal and figurative, intransitive and transitive)
#3
תַּ֣חַת
the bottom (as depressed); only adverbially, below (often with prepositional prefix underneath), in lieu of, etc
#4
וְהָהָ֞ר
and the mountain
a mountain or range of hills (sometimes used figuratively)
#5
וְהָהָ֞ר
and the mountain
a mountain or range of hills (sometimes used figuratively)
#6
בֹּעֵ֤ר
burned
to be(-come) brutish
#7
בָּאֵשׁ֙
with fire
fire (literally or figuratively)
#8
עַד
as far (or long, or much) as, whether of space (even unto) or time (during, while, until) or degree (equally with)
#9
לֵ֣ב
unto the midst
the heart; also used (figuratively) very widely for the feelings, the will and even the intellect; likewise for the center of anything
#10
הַשָּׁמַ֔יִם
of heaven
the sky (as aloft; the dual perhaps alluding to the visible arch in which the clouds move, as well as to the higher ether where the celestial bodies r
#11
חֹ֖שֶׁךְ
and thick darkness
the dark; hence (literally) darkness; figuratively, misery, destruction, death, ignorance, sorrow, wickedness
#12
עָנָ֥ן
clouds
a cloud (as covering the sky), i.e., the nimbus or thunder-cloud
#13
וַֽעֲרָפֶֽל׃
with darkness
gloom (as of a lowering sky)

Analysis

This verse develops the salvation theme central to Deuteronomy. The concept of divine revelation reflects the development of salvation within biblical theology. The literary structure and word choice here contribute to biblical literature contributing to the canon's theological witness, advancing the author's theological argument. The original language emphasizes careful word choice that would have carried specific theological weight for the original audience, providing deeper understanding of the author's theological intention.

Historical Context

This passage must be understood within the political and social structures of the biblical period. The author writes to address believers seeking to understand God's will and purposes, making the emphasis on salvation particularly relevant. Historical documents from this period show cultural practices and social structures that would have been familiar to the original readers, illuminating the verse's original impact.

Questions for Reflection

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