Deuteronomy 25:3

Authorized King James Version

Forty stripes he may give him, and not exceed: lest, if he should exceed, and beat him above these with many stripes, then thy brother should seem vile unto thee.

Word-by-Word Analysis
#1
אַרְבָּעִ֥ים
Forty
forty
#2
לְהַכֹּת֤וֹ
and beat
to strike (lightly or severely, literally or figuratively)
#3
לֹ֣א
not (the simple or abs. negation); by implication, no; often used with other particles
#4
יֹסִ֨יף
he may give him and not exceed
to add or augment (often adverbial, to continue to do a thing)
#5
פֶּן
properly, removal; used only (in the construction) adverb as conjunction, lest
#6
יֹסִ֨יף
he may give him and not exceed
to add or augment (often adverbial, to continue to do a thing)
#7
לְהַכֹּת֤וֹ
and beat
to strike (lightly or severely, literally or figuratively)
#8
עַל
above, over, upon, or against (yet always in this last relation with a downward aspect) in a great variety of applications
#9
אֵ֙לֶּה֙
these or those
#10
מַכָּ֣ה
stripes
a blow (in 2 chronicles 2:10, of the flail); by implication, a wound; figuratively, carnage, also pestilence
#11
רַבָּ֔ה
him above these with many
abundant (in quantity, size, age, number, rank, quality)
#12
וְנִקְלָ֥ה
should seem vile
to be light (as implied in rapid motion), but figuratively, only (be [causatively, hold] in contempt)
#13
אָחִ֖יךָ
then thy brother
a brother (used in the widest sense of literal relationship and metaphorical affinity or resemblance [like h0001])
#14
לְעֵינֶֽיךָ׃
an eye (literally or figuratively); by analogy, a fountain (as the eye of the landscape)

Analysis

The salvation theme here intersects with the metanarrative of redemption running from Genesis to Revelation. Biblical theology recognizes this as part of a unified storyline from the promise in Genesis 3:15 to its fulfillment in Christ. The phrase emphasizing divine revelation contributes to our systematic understanding of Christian doctrine and connects to the broader scriptural witness about God's saving work from the Exodus to the cross.

Historical Context

This passage must be understood within the political and social structures of the biblical period. The author writes to address believers seeking to understand God's will and purposes, making the emphasis on salvation particularly relevant. Historical documents from this period show cultural practices and social structures that would have been familiar to the original readers, illuminating the verse's original impact.

Questions for Reflection

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