Deuteronomy 21:4

Authorized King James Version

And the elders of that city shall bring down the heifer unto a rough valley, which is neither eared nor sown, and shall strike off the heifer's neck there in the valley:

Word-by-Word Analysis
#1
וְהוֹרִ֡דוּ
shall bring down
to descend (literally, to go downwards; or conventionally to a lower region, as the shore, a boundary, the enemy, etc.; or figuratively, to fall); cau
#2
זִקְנֵי֩
And the elders
old
#3
הָעִ֨יר
of that city
a city (a place guarded by waking or a watch) in the widest sense (even of a mere encampment or post)
#4
הַהִ֤וא
he (she or it); only expressed when emphatic or without a verb; also (intensively) self, or (especially with the article) the same; sometimes (as demo
#5
אֶת
properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)
#6
הָֽעֶגְלָ֖ה
the heifer
a (female) calf, especially one nearly grown (i.e., a heifer)
#7
אֶל
near, with or among; often in general, to
#8
בַּנָּֽחַל׃
there in the valley
a stream, especially a winter torrent; (by implication) a (narrow) valley (in which a brook runs); also a shaft (of a mine)
#9
אֵיתָ֔ן
unto a rough
permanence; hence (concrete) permanent; specifically a chieftain
#10
אֲשֶׁ֛ר
who, which, what, that; also (as an adverb and a conjunction) when, where, how, because, in order that, etc
#11
לֹֽא
not (the simple or abs. negation); by implication, no; often used with other particles
#12
יֵעָבֵ֥ד
which is neither eared
to work (in any sense); by implication, to serve, till, (causatively) enslave, etc
#13
בּ֖וֹ
H0
#14
וְלֹ֣א
not (the simple or abs. negation); by implication, no; often used with other particles
#15
יִזָּרֵ֑עַ
nor sown
to sow; figuratively, to disseminate, plant, fructify
#16
וְעָֽרְפוּ
and shall strike off
to break the neck; hence (figuratively) to destroy
#17
שָׁ֥ם
there (transferring to time) then; often thither, or thence
#18
אֶת
properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)
#19
הָֽעֶגְלָ֖ה
the heifer
a (female) calf, especially one nearly grown (i.e., a heifer)
#20
בַּנָּֽחַל׃
there in the valley
a stream, especially a winter torrent; (by implication) a (narrow) valley (in which a brook runs); also a shaft (of a mine)

Analysis

The salvation theme here intersects with the metanarrative of redemption running from Genesis to Revelation. Biblical theology recognizes this as part of a unified storyline from the promise in Genesis 3:15 to its fulfillment in Christ. The phrase emphasizing divine revelation contributes to our systematic understanding of Christian doctrine and connects to the broader scriptural witness about God's saving work from the Exodus to the cross.

Historical Context

The literary and historical milieu of the literary conventions and historical circumstances of biblical literature shapes this text's meaning. The historical development of salvation within the theological tradition of Deuteronomy Understanding the ancient worldview that shaped the author's theological expression helps modern readers appreciate why the author emphasizes divine revelation in this particular way.

Questions for Reflection

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