Daniel 9:1

Authorized King James Version

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In the first year of Darius the son of Ahasuerus, of the seed of the Medes, which was made king over the realm of the Chaldeans;

Original Language Analysis

בִּשְׁנַ֣ת year H8141
בִּשְׁנַ֣ת year
Strong's: H8141
Word #: 1 of 12
a year (as a revolution of time)
אַחַ֗ת In the first H259
אַחַ֗ת In the first
Strong's: H259
Word #: 2 of 12
properly, united, i.e., one; or (as an ordinal) first
לְדָרְיָ֛וֶשׁ of Darius H1867
לְדָרְיָ֛וֶשׁ of Darius
Strong's: H1867
Word #: 3 of 12
darejavesh, a title (rather than name) of several persian kings
בֶּן the son H1121
בֶּן the son
Strong's: H1121
Word #: 4 of 12
a son (as a builder of the family name), in the widest sense (of literal and figurative relationship, including grandson, subject, nation, quality or
אֲחַשְׁוֵר֖וֹשׁ of Ahasuerus H325
אֲחַשְׁוֵר֖וֹשׁ of Ahasuerus
Strong's: H325
Word #: 5 of 12
achashverosh (i.e., ahasuerus or artaxerxes, but in this case xerxes), the title (rather than name) of a persian king
מִזֶּ֣רַע of the seed H2233
מִזֶּ֣רַע of the seed
Strong's: H2233
Word #: 6 of 12
seed; figuratively, fruit, plant, sowing-time, posterity
מָדָ֑י of the Medes H4074
מָדָ֑י of the Medes
Strong's: H4074
Word #: 7 of 12
madai, a country of central asia
אֲשֶׁ֣ר H834
אֲשֶׁ֣ר
Strong's: H834
Word #: 8 of 12
who, which, what, that; also (as an adverb and a conjunction) when, where, how, because, in order that, etc
הָמְלַ֔ךְ which was made king H4427
הָמְלַ֔ךְ which was made king
Strong's: H4427
Word #: 9 of 12
to reign; hence (by implication) to take counsel
עַ֖ל H5921
עַ֖ל
Strong's: H5921
Word #: 10 of 12
above, over, upon, or against (yet always in this last relation with a downward aspect) in a great variety of applications
מַלְכ֥וּת over the realm H4438
מַלְכ֥וּת over the realm
Strong's: H4438
Word #: 11 of 12
a rule; concretely, a dominion
כַּשְׂדִּֽים׃ of the Chaldeans H3778
כַּשְׂדִּֽים׃ of the Chaldeans
Strong's: H3778
Word #: 12 of 12
a kasdite, or descendant of kesed; by implication, a chaldaean (as if so descended); also an astrologer (as if proverbial of that people

Analysis & Commentary

Chapter 9 opens with chronological and political markers: 'In the first year of Darius the son of Ahasuerus, of the seed of the Medes, which was made king over the realm of the Chaldeans.' This dates to 539 BC, immediately after Babylon's fall to Medo-Persian forces. The detail 'made king' indicates Darius was appointed by higher authority (possibly Cyrus). This historical precision grounds the coming prophetic revelation in real time and space. Daniel's life now spans Babylonian and Persian empires, demonstrating God's faithfulness through political upheaval.

Historical Context

Historical identification of Darius the Mede remains debated—possibly Cyrus himself, a governor under Cyrus, or Gubaru mentioned in extra-biblical sources. Regardless of precise identification, the text establishes Persian control over Babylon. Daniel, now 80+, had served through multiple regime changes. The Medo-Persian conquest fulfilled earlier prophecy (Daniel 2:39; 5:28). Archaeological evidence including the Nabonidus Chronicle and Cyrus Cylinder documents the conquest, though they don't mention Darius by this name.

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