Daniel 9:1
In the first year of Darius the son of Ahasuerus, of the seed of the Medes, which was made king over the realm of the Chaldeans;
Original Language Analysis
Historical Context
Historical identification of Darius the Mede remains debated—possibly Cyrus himself, a governor under Cyrus, or Gubaru mentioned in extra-biblical sources. Regardless of precise identification, the text establishes Persian control over Babylon. Daniel, now 80+, had served through multiple regime changes. The Medo-Persian conquest fulfilled earlier prophecy (Daniel 2:39; 5:28). Archaeological evidence including the Nabonidus Chronicle and Cyrus Cylinder documents the conquest, though they don't mention Darius by this name.
Questions for Reflection
- How does God's faithfulness through political transitions encourage believers facing uncertainty in changing times?
- What does Daniel's survival and continued service through multiple empires teach about engaging culture without compromising faith?
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Analysis & Commentary
Chapter 9 opens with chronological and political markers: 'In the first year of Darius the son of Ahasuerus, of the seed of the Medes, which was made king over the realm of the Chaldeans.' This dates to 539 BC, immediately after Babylon's fall to Medo-Persian forces. The detail 'made king' indicates Darius was appointed by higher authority (possibly Cyrus). This historical precision grounds the coming prophetic revelation in real time and space. Daniel's life now spans Babylonian and Persian empires, demonstrating God's faithfulness through political upheaval.