2 Thessalonians 3:8

Authorized King James Version

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Neither did we eat any man's bread for nought; but wrought with labour and travail night and day, that we might not be chargeable to any of you:

Original Language Analysis

οὐδὲ Neither G3761
οὐδὲ Neither
Strong's: G3761
Word #: 1 of 21
not however, i.e., neither, nor, not even
δωρεὰν for nought G1432
δωρεὰν for nought
Strong's: G1432
Word #: 2 of 21
gratuitously (literally or figuratively)
ἄρτον bread G740
ἄρτον bread
Strong's: G740
Word #: 3 of 21
bread (as raised) or a loaf
ἐφάγομεν did we eat G5315
ἐφάγομεν did we eat
Strong's: G5315
Word #: 4 of 21
to eat (literally or figuratively)
παρά any man's G3844
παρά any man's
Strong's: G3844
Word #: 5 of 21
properly, near; i.e., (with genitive case) from beside (literally or figuratively), (with dative case) at (or in) the vicinity of (objectively or subj
τινα to any G5100
τινα to any
Strong's: G5100
Word #: 6 of 21
some or any person or object
ἀλλ' but G235
ἀλλ' but
Strong's: G235
Word #: 7 of 21
properly, other things, i.e., (adverbially) contrariwise (in many relations)
ἐν with G1722
ἐν with
Strong's: G1722
Word #: 8 of 21
"in," at, (up-)on, by, etc
κόπῳ labour G2873
κόπῳ labour
Strong's: G2873
Word #: 9 of 21
a cut, i.e., (by analogy) toil (as reducing the strength), literally or figuratively; by implication, pains
καὶ and G2532
καὶ and
Strong's: G2532
Word #: 10 of 21
and, also, even, so then, too, etc.; often used in connection (or composition) with other particles or small words
μόχθῳ travail G3449
μόχθῳ travail
Strong's: G3449
Word #: 11 of 21
toil, i.e., (by implication) sadness
νύκτα night G3571
νύκτα night
Strong's: G3571
Word #: 12 of 21
"night" (literally or figuratively)
καὶ and G2532
καὶ and
Strong's: G2532
Word #: 13 of 21
and, also, even, so then, too, etc.; often used in connection (or composition) with other particles or small words
ἡμέραν day G2250
ἡμέραν day
Strong's: G2250
Word #: 14 of 21
day, i.e., (literally) the time space between dawn and dark, or the whole 24 hours (but several days were usually reckoned by the jews as inclusive of
ἐργαζόμενοι wrought G2038
ἐργαζόμενοι wrought
Strong's: G2038
Word #: 15 of 21
to toil (as a task, occupation, etc.), (by implication) effect, be engaged in or with, etc
πρὸς that G4314
πρὸς that
Strong's: G4314
Word #: 16 of 21
a preposition of direction; forward to, i.e., toward (with the genitive case, the side of, i.e., pertaining to; with the dative case, by the side of,
τὸ G3588
τὸ
Strong's: G3588
Word #: 17 of 21
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
μὴ not G3361
μὴ not
Strong's: G3361
Word #: 18 of 21
(adverb) not, (conjunction) lest; also (as an interrogative implying a negative answer (whereas g3756 expects an affirmative one)) whether
ἐπιβαρῆσαί be chargeable G1912
ἐπιβαρῆσαί be chargeable
Strong's: G1912
Word #: 19 of 21
to be heavy upon, i.e., (pecuniarily) to be expensive to; figuratively, to be severe towards
τινα to any G5100
τινα to any
Strong's: G5100
Word #: 20 of 21
some or any person or object
ὑμῶν· of you G5216
ὑμῶν· of you
Strong's: G5216
Word #: 21 of 21
of (from or concerning) you

Analysis & Commentary

Neither did we eat any man's bread for nought; but wrought with labour and travail night and day, that we might not be chargeable to any of youneither did we eat any man's bread for nought (oude dōrean arton ephagomen, οὐδὲ δωρεὰν ἄρτον ἐφάγομεν, 'not free bread did we eat')—Paul took no handouts. But wrought with labour and travail (en kopō kai mochthō, ἐν κόπῳ καὶ μόχθῳ, 'with toil and hardship'), night and day (working double shifts).

Purpose: that we might not be chargeable to any of you (pros to mē epibarēsai, πρὸς τὸ μὴ ἐπιβαρῆσαι, 'in order not to burden'). Paul sacrificed sleep and comfort to avoid imposing financially. This modeled the Christian work ethic he's about to demand. Apostles labored harder than anyone before calling others to work.

Historical Context

Itinerant preachers in the ancient world typically expected support from listeners. Cynics, Stoics, and sophists all took payment. Paul's refusal to accept payment (though entitled, 1 Cor. 9:14) distinguished Christian ministry from professional speaking and demonstrated sacrificial service.

Questions for Reflection

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