2 Samuel 20:15

Authorized King James Version

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And they came and besieged him in Abel of Beth-maachah, and they cast up a bank against the city, and it stood in the trench: and all the people that were with Joab battered the wall, to throw it down.

Original Language Analysis

וַיָּבֹ֜אוּ And they came H935
וַיָּבֹ֜אוּ And they came
Strong's: H935
Word #: 1 of 20
to go or come (in a wide variety of applications)
וַיָּצֻ֣רוּ and besieged H6696
וַיָּצֻ֣רוּ and besieged
Strong's: H6696
Word #: 2 of 20
to cramp, i.e., confine (in many applications, literally and figuratively, formative or hostile)
עָלָ֗יו H5921
עָלָ֗יו
Strong's: H5921
Word #: 3 of 20
above, over, upon, or against (yet always in this last relation with a downward aspect) in a great variety of applications
בְּאָבֵ֙לָה֙ him in Abel H59
בְּאָבֵ֙לָה֙ him in Abel
Strong's: H59
Word #: 4 of 20
abel, the name of two places in palestine
בֵּ֣ית H0
בֵּ֣ית
Strong's: H0
Word #: 5 of 20
הַֽמַּעֲכָ֔ה of Bethmaachah H1038
הַֽמַּעֲכָ֔ה of Bethmaachah
Strong's: H1038
Word #: 6 of 20
beth-maakah, a place in palestine
וַיִּשְׁפְּכ֤וּ and they cast up H8210
וַיִּשְׁפְּכ֤וּ and they cast up
Strong's: H8210
Word #: 7 of 20
to spill forth (blood, a libation, liquid metal; or even a solid, i.e., to mound up); also (figuratively) to expend (life, soul, complaint, money, etc
סֹֽלְלָה֙ a bank H5550
סֹֽלְלָה֙ a bank
Strong's: H5550
Word #: 8 of 20
a military mound, i.e., rampart of besiegers
אֶל H413
אֶל
Strong's: H413
Word #: 9 of 20
near, with or among; often in general, to
הָעִ֔יר against the city H5892
הָעִ֔יר against the city
Strong's: H5892
Word #: 10 of 20
a city (a place guarded by waking or a watch) in the widest sense (even of a mere encampment or post)
וַֽתַּעֲמֹ֖ד and it stood H5975
וַֽתַּעֲמֹ֖ד and it stood
Strong's: H5975
Word #: 11 of 20
to stand, in various relations (literal and figurative, intransitive and transitive)
בַּחֵ֑ל in the trench H2426
בַּחֵ֑ל in the trench
Strong's: H2426
Word #: 12 of 20
an army; also (by analogy,) an intrenchment
וְכָל H3605
וְכָל
Strong's: H3605
Word #: 13 of 20
properly, the whole; hence, all, any or every (in the singular only, but often in a plural sense)
הָעָם֙ and all the people H5971
הָעָם֙ and all the people
Strong's: H5971
Word #: 14 of 20
a people (as a congregated unit); specifically, a tribe (as those of israel); hence (collectively) troops or attendants; figuratively, a flock
אֲשֶׁ֣ר H834
אֲשֶׁ֣ר
Strong's: H834
Word #: 15 of 20
who, which, what, that; also (as an adverb and a conjunction) when, where, how, because, in order that, etc
אֶת H854
אֶת
Strong's: H854
Word #: 16 of 20
properly, nearness (used only as a preposition or an adverb), near; hence, generally, with, by, at, among, etc
יוֹאָ֔ב that were with Joab H3097
יוֹאָ֔ב that were with Joab
Strong's: H3097
Word #: 17 of 20
joab, the name of three israelites
מַשְׁחִיתִ֖ם battered H7843
מַשְׁחִיתִ֖ם battered
Strong's: H7843
Word #: 18 of 20
to decay, i.e., (causatively) ruin (literally or figuratively)
לְהַפִּ֥יל to throw it down H5307
לְהַפִּ֥יל to throw it down
Strong's: H5307
Word #: 19 of 20
to fall, in a great variety of applications (intransitive or causative, literal or figurative)
הַֽחוֹמָֽה׃ the wall H2346
הַֽחוֹמָֽה׃ the wall
Strong's: H2346
Word #: 20 of 20
a wall of protection

Analysis & Commentary

And they came and besieged him in Abel of Beth-maachah, and they cast up a bank against the city, and it stood in the trench: and all the people that were with Joab battered the wall, to throw it down.

This verse contributes to the narrative of Sheba's Rebellion, emphasizing ongoing challenges to authority. Sheba's rebellion demonstrates that David's troubles continue despite Absalom's defeat. The wise woman's intervention prevents unnecessary bloodshed. Theological themes include ongoing resistance to God's appointed leader, the value of wisdom in crisis resolution, the danger of divisive rhetoric, and God's provision of unexpected solutions through unlikely people.

Historical Context

The historical setting of 2 Samuel 20 occurs during David's reign (circa 1010-970 BCE) over Israel's united monarchy. Archaeological discoveries, including the Tel Dan inscription mentioning the 'House of David,' corroborate biblical historicity. Ancient Near Eastern customs regarding ongoing challenges to authority provide crucial background. The geopolitical situation involved regional powers—Philistines, Ammonites, Arameans, Moabites, Edomites—as David consolidated and expanded Israel's territory. Cultural practices concerning kingship, warfare, covenant relationships, family dynamics, and religious observance differed significantly from modern Western contexts, requiring careful attention to avoid anachronistic interpretation while extracting timeless theological principles applicable across cultures and eras.

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