2 Samuel 16:21

Authorized King James Version

PDF

And Ahithophel said unto Absalom, Go in unto thy father's concubines, which he hath left to keep the house; and all Israel shall hear that thou art abhorred of thy father: then shall the hands of all that are with thee be strong.

Original Language Analysis

וַיֹּ֤אמֶר said H559
וַיֹּ֤אמֶר said
Strong's: H559
Word #: 1 of 24
to say (used with great latitude)
אֲחִיתֹ֙פֶל֙ And Ahithophel H302
אֲחִיתֹ֙פֶל֙ And Ahithophel
Strong's: H302
Word #: 2 of 24
achithophel, an israelite
אֶל H413
אֶל
Strong's: H413
Word #: 3 of 24
near, with or among; often in general, to
אַבְשָׁלֹ֔ם unto Absalom H53
אַבְשָׁלֹ֔ם unto Absalom
Strong's: H53
Word #: 4 of 24
abshalom, a son of david; also (the fuller form) a later israelite
בּ֚וֹא Go in H935
בּ֚וֹא Go in
Strong's: H935
Word #: 5 of 24
to go or come (in a wide variety of applications)
אֶל H413
אֶל
Strong's: H413
Word #: 6 of 24
near, with or among; often in general, to
פִּֽלַגְשֵׁ֣י concubines H6370
פִּֽלַגְשֵׁ֣י concubines
Strong's: H6370
Word #: 7 of 24
a concubine; also (masculine) a paramour
אָבִ֔יךָ of thy father H1
אָבִ֔יךָ of thy father
Strong's: H1
Word #: 8 of 24
father, in a literal and immediate, or figurative and remote application
אֲשֶׁ֥ר H834
אֲשֶׁ֥ר
Strong's: H834
Word #: 9 of 24
who, which, what, that; also (as an adverb and a conjunction) when, where, how, because, in order that, etc
הִנִּ֖יחַ which he hath left H3240
הִנִּ֖יחַ which he hath left
Strong's: H3240
Word #: 10 of 24
to deposit; by implication, to allow to stay
לִשְׁמ֣וֹר to keep H8104
לִשְׁמ֣וֹר to keep
Strong's: H8104
Word #: 11 of 24
properly, to hedge about (as with thorns), i.e., guard; generally, to protect, attend to, etc
הַבָּ֑יִת the house H1004
הַבָּ֑יִת the house
Strong's: H1004
Word #: 12 of 24
a house (in the greatest variation of applications, especially family, etc.)
וְשָׁמַ֤ע shall hear H8085
וְשָׁמַ֤ע shall hear
Strong's: H8085
Word #: 13 of 24
to hear intelligently (often with implication of attention, obedience, etc.; causatively, to tell, etc.)
כָּל H3605
כָּל
Strong's: H3605
Word #: 14 of 24
properly, the whole; hence, all, any or every (in the singular only, but often in a plural sense)
יִשְׂרָאֵל֙ and all Israel H3478
יִשְׂרָאֵל֙ and all Israel
Strong's: H3478
Word #: 15 of 24
he will rule as god; jisral, a symbolical name of jacob; also (typically) of his posterity
כִּֽי H3588
כִּֽי
Strong's: H3588
Word #: 16 of 24
(by implication) very widely used as a relative conjunction or adverb (as below); often largely modified by other particles annexed
נִבְאַ֣שְׁתָּ that thou art abhorred H887
נִבְאַ֣שְׁתָּ that thou art abhorred
Strong's: H887
Word #: 17 of 24
to smell bad; figuratively, to be offensive morally
אֶת H854
אֶת
Strong's: H854
Word #: 18 of 24
properly, nearness (used only as a preposition or an adverb), near; hence, generally, with, by, at, among, etc
אָבִ֔יךָ of thy father H1
אָבִ֔יךָ of thy father
Strong's: H1
Word #: 19 of 24
father, in a literal and immediate, or figurative and remote application
וְחָ֣זְק֔וּ of all that are with thee be strong H2388
וְחָ֣זְק֔וּ of all that are with thee be strong
Strong's: H2388
Word #: 20 of 24
to fasten upon; hence, to seize, be strong (figuratively, courageous, causatively strengthen, cure, help, repair, fortify), obstinate; to bind, restra
יְדֵ֖י then shall the hands H3027
יְדֵ֖י then shall the hands
Strong's: H3027
Word #: 21 of 24
a hand (the open one [indicating power, means, direction, etc.], in distinction from h3709, the closed one); used (as noun, adverb, etc.) in a great v
כָּל H3605
כָּל
Strong's: H3605
Word #: 22 of 24
properly, the whole; hence, all, any or every (in the singular only, but often in a plural sense)
אֲשֶׁ֥ר H834
אֲשֶׁ֥ר
Strong's: H834
Word #: 23 of 24
who, which, what, that; also (as an adverb and a conjunction) when, where, how, because, in order that, etc
אִתָּֽךְ׃ H854
אִתָּֽךְ׃
Strong's: H854
Word #: 24 of 24
properly, nearness (used only as a preposition or an adverb), near; hence, generally, with, by, at, among, etc

Analysis & Commentary

And Ahithophel said unto Absalom, Go in unto thy father's concubines, which he hath left to keep the house; and all Israel shall hear that thou art abhorred of thy father: then shall the hands of all that are with thee be strong.

This verse contributes to the narrative of David's Humiliation, emphasizing suffering within God's sovereignty. David's humiliation through Shimei's cursing and Ziba's deception tests his faith in God's sovereignty. His refusal to punish Shimei demonstrates trust that God controls even unjust accusations. Ahithophel's counsel and Absalom's public sin with David's concubines fulfill Nathan's prophecy (12:11-12). Theological themes include suffering within God's sovereign plan, responding to unjust accusations with faith, and the full exposure of hidden sin.

Historical Context

The historical setting of 2 Samuel 16 occurs during David's reign (circa 1010-970 BCE) over Israel's united monarchy. Archaeological discoveries, including the Tel Dan inscription mentioning the 'House of David,' corroborate biblical historicity. Ancient Near Eastern customs regarding suffering within God's sovereignty provide crucial background. The geopolitical situation involved regional powers—Philistines, Ammonites, Arameans, Moabites, Edomites—as David consolidated and expanded Israel's territory. Cultural practices concerning kingship, warfare, covenant relationships, family dynamics, and religious observance differed significantly from modern Western contexts, requiring careful attention to avoid anachronistic interpretation while extracting timeless theological principles applicable across cultures and eras.

Questions for Reflection

Related Resources

Explore related topics, people, and study resources to deepen your understanding of this passage.

People

Study Resources

Bible Stories