2 Samuel 12:3

Authorized King James Version

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But the poor man had nothing, save one little ewe lamb, which he had bought and nourished up: and it grew up together with him, and with his children; it did eat of his own meat, and drank of his own cup, and lay in his bosom, and was unto him as a daughter.

Original Language Analysis

וְלָרָ֣שׁ But the poor H7326
וְלָרָ֣שׁ But the poor
Strong's: H7326
Word #: 1 of 25
to be destitute
אֵֽין H369
אֵֽין
Strong's: H369
Word #: 2 of 25
a nonentity; generally used as a negative particle
כֹּ֗ל H3605
כֹּ֗ל
Strong's: H3605
Word #: 3 of 25
properly, the whole; hence, all, any or every (in the singular only, but often in a plural sense)
כִּי֩ H3588
כִּי֩
Strong's: H3588
Word #: 4 of 25
(by implication) very widely used as a relative conjunction or adverb (as below); often largely modified by other particles annexed
אִם H518
אִם
Strong's: H518
Word #: 5 of 25
used very widely as demonstrative, lo!; interrogative, whether?; or conditional, if, although; also oh that!, when; hence, as a negative, not
כִּבְשָׂ֨ה ewe lamb H3535
כִּבְשָׂ֨ה ewe lamb
Strong's: H3535
Word #: 6 of 25
a ewe
אַחַ֤ת man had nothing save one H259
אַחַ֤ת man had nothing save one
Strong's: H259
Word #: 7 of 25
properly, united, i.e., one; or (as an ordinal) first
קְטַנָּה֙ little H6996
קְטַנָּה֙ little
Strong's: H6996
Word #: 8 of 25
abbreviated, i.e., diminutive, literally (in quantity, size or number) or figuratively (in age or importance)
אֲשֶׁ֣ר H834
אֲשֶׁ֣ר
Strong's: H834
Word #: 9 of 25
who, which, what, that; also (as an adverb and a conjunction) when, where, how, because, in order that, etc
קָנָ֔ה which he had bought H7069
קָנָ֔ה which he had bought
Strong's: H7069
Word #: 10 of 25
to erect, i.e., create; by extension, to procure, especially by purchase (causatively, sell); by implication to own
וַיְחַיֶּ֕הָ and nourished up H2421
וַיְחַיֶּ֕הָ and nourished up
Strong's: H2421
Word #: 11 of 25
to live, whether literally or figuratively; causatively, to revive
וַתִּגְדַּ֥ל and it grew up H1431
וַתִּגְדַּ֥ל and it grew up
Strong's: H1431
Word #: 12 of 25
to be (causatively make) large (in various senses, as in body, mind, estate or honor, also in pride)
עִמּ֛וֹ H5973
עִמּ֛וֹ
Strong's: H5973
Word #: 13 of 25
adverb or preposition, with (i.e., in conjunction with), in varied applications; specifically, equally with; often with prepositional prefix (and then
וְעִם H5973
וְעִם
Strong's: H5973
Word #: 14 of 25
adverb or preposition, with (i.e., in conjunction with), in varied applications; specifically, equally with; often with prepositional prefix (and then
בָּנָ֖יו with him and with his children H1121
בָּנָ֖יו with him and with his children
Strong's: H1121
Word #: 15 of 25
a son (as a builder of the family name), in the widest sense (of literal and figurative relationship, including grandson, subject, nation, quality or
יַחְדָּ֑ו together H3162
יַחְדָּ֑ו together
Strong's: H3162
Word #: 16 of 25
properly, a unit, i.e., (adverb) unitedly
מִפִּתּ֨וֹ of his own meat H6595
מִפִּתּ֨וֹ of his own meat
Strong's: H6595
Word #: 17 of 25
a bit
תֹאכַ֜ל it did eat H398
תֹאכַ֜ל it did eat
Strong's: H398
Word #: 18 of 25
to eat (literally or figuratively)
וּמִכֹּס֤וֹ of his own cup H3563
וּמִכֹּס֤וֹ of his own cup
Strong's: H3563
Word #: 19 of 25
a cup (as a container), often figuratively, some unclean bird, probably an owl (perhaps from the cup-like cavity of its eye)
תִשְׁתֶּה֙ and drank H8354
תִשְׁתֶּה֙ and drank
Strong's: H8354
Word #: 20 of 25
to imbibe (literally or figuratively)
וּבְחֵיק֣וֹ in his bosom H2436
וּבְחֵיק֣וֹ in his bosom
Strong's: H2436
Word #: 21 of 25
the bosom (literally or figuratively)
תִשְׁכָּ֔ב and lay H7901
תִשְׁכָּ֔ב and lay
Strong's: H7901
Word #: 22 of 25
to lie down (for rest, sexual connection, decease or any other purpose)
וַתְּהִי H1961
וַתְּהִי
Strong's: H1961
Word #: 23 of 25
to exist, i.e., be or become, come to pass (always emphatic, and not a mere copula or auxiliary)
ל֖וֹ H0
ל֖וֹ
Strong's: H0
Word #: 24 of 25
כְּבַֽת׃ and was unto him as a daughter H1323
כְּבַֽת׃ and was unto him as a daughter
Strong's: H1323
Word #: 25 of 25
a daughter (used in the same wide sense as other terms of relationship, literally and figuratively)

Analysis & Commentary

But the poor man had nothing, save one little ewe lamb, which he had bought and nourished up: and it grew up together with him, and with his children; it did eat of his own meat, and drank of his own cup, and lay in his bosom, and was unto him as a daughter.

This verse contributes to the narrative of Nathan's Rebuke, emphasizing conviction, repentance, consequences. Nathan's prophetic confrontation using parable demonstrates effective rebuke methodology. David's immediate repentance ("I have sinned against the LORD") contrasts with Saul's defensive self-justification. The child's death demonstrates that forgiveness doesn't eliminate all consequences. Theological themes include God's hatred of sin, the necessity of repentance, the distinction between eternal and temporal consequences, and God's grace that continues despite devastating sin.

Historical Context

The historical setting of 2 Samuel 12 occurs during David's reign (circa 1010-970 BCE) over Israel's united monarchy. Archaeological discoveries, including the Tel Dan inscription mentioning the 'House of David,' corroborate biblical historicity. Ancient Near Eastern customs regarding conviction, repentance, consequences provide crucial background. The geopolitical situation involved regional powers—Philistines, Ammonites, Arameans, Moabites, Edomites—as David consolidated and expanded Israel's territory. Cultural practices concerning kingship, warfare, covenant relationships, family dynamics, and religious observance differed significantly from modern Western contexts, requiring careful attention to avoid anachronistic interpretation while extracting timeless theological principles applicable across cultures and eras.

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