2 Samuel 10:3

Authorized King James Version

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And the princes of the children of Ammon said unto Hanun their lord, Thinkest thou that David doth honour thy father, that he hath sent comforters unto thee? hath not David rather sent his servants unto thee, to search the city, and to spy it out, and to overthrow it?

Original Language Analysis

וַיֹּֽאמְרוּ֩ said H559
וַיֹּֽאמְרוּ֩ said
Strong's: H559
Word #: 1 of 28
to say (used with great latitude)
שָׂרֵ֨י And the princes H8269
שָׂרֵ֨י And the princes
Strong's: H8269
Word #: 2 of 28
a head person (of any rank or class)
בְנֵֽי of the children H1121
בְנֵֽי of the children
Strong's: H1121
Word #: 3 of 28
a son (as a builder of the family name), in the widest sense (of literal and figurative relationship, including grandson, subject, nation, quality or
עַמּ֜וֹן of Ammon H5983
עַמּ֜וֹן of Ammon
Strong's: H5983
Word #: 4 of 28
ammon, a son of lot; also his posterity and their country
אֶל H413
אֶל
Strong's: H413
Word #: 5 of 28
near, with or among; often in general, to
חָנ֣וּן unto Hanun H2586
חָנ֣וּן unto Hanun
Strong's: H2586
Word #: 6 of 28
chanun, the name of an ammonite and of two israelites
אֲדֹֽנֵיהֶ֗ם their lord H113
אֲדֹֽנֵיהֶ֗ם their lord
Strong's: H113
Word #: 7 of 28
sovereign, i.e., controller (human or divine)
הַֽמְכַבֵּ֨ד doth honour H3513
הַֽמְכַבֵּ֨ד doth honour
Strong's: H3513
Word #: 8 of 28
to be heavy, i.e., in a bad sense (burdensome, severe, dull) or in a good sense (numerous, rich, honorable); causatively, to make weighty (in the same
דָּוִ֛ד thou that David H1732
דָּוִ֛ד thou that David
Strong's: H1732
Word #: 9 of 28
david, the youngest son of jesse
אֶת H853
אֶת
Strong's: H853
Word #: 10 of 28
properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)
אָבִ֙יךָ֙ thy father H1
אָבִ֙יךָ֙ thy father
Strong's: H1
Word #: 11 of 28
father, in a literal and immediate, or figurative and remote application
בְּעֵינֶ֔יךָ Thinkest H5869
בְּעֵינֶ֔יךָ Thinkest
Strong's: H5869
Word #: 12 of 28
an eye (literally or figuratively); by analogy, a fountain (as the eye of the landscape)
כִּֽי H3588
כִּֽי
Strong's: H3588
Word #: 13 of 28
(by implication) very widely used as a relative conjunction or adverb (as below); often largely modified by other particles annexed
שָׁלַ֥ח rather sent H7971
שָׁלַ֥ח rather sent
Strong's: H7971
Word #: 14 of 28
to send away, for, or out (in a great variety of applications)
לְךָ֖ H0
לְךָ֖
Strong's: H0
Word #: 15 of 28
מְנַֽחֲמִ֑ים comforters H5162
מְנַֽחֲמִ֑ים comforters
Strong's: H5162
Word #: 16 of 28
properly, to sigh, i.e., breathe strongly; by implication, to be sorry, i.e., (in a favorable sense) to pity, console or (reflexively) rue; or (unfavo
הֲ֠לוֹא H3808
הֲ֠לוֹא
Strong's: H3808
Word #: 17 of 28
not (the simple or abs. negation); by implication, no; often used with other particles
בַּֽעֲב֞וּר unto thee to H5668
בַּֽעֲב֞וּר unto thee to
Strong's: H5668
Word #: 18 of 28
properly, crossed, i.e., (abstractly) transit; used only adverbially, on account of, in order that
חֲקֹ֤ר search H2713
חֲקֹ֤ר search
Strong's: H2713
Word #: 19 of 28
properly, to penetrate; hence, to examine intimately
אֶת H853
אֶת
Strong's: H853
Word #: 20 of 28
properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)
הָעִיר֙ the city H5892
הָעִיר֙ the city
Strong's: H5892
Word #: 21 of 28
a city (a place guarded by waking or a watch) in the widest sense (even of a mere encampment or post)
וּלְרַגְּלָ֣הּ and to spy it out H7270
וּלְרַגְּלָ֣הּ and to spy it out
Strong's: H7270
Word #: 22 of 28
to walk along; but only in specifically, applications, to reconnoiter, to be a tale-bearer (i.e., slander); to lead about
וּלְהָפְכָ֔הּ and to overthrow H2015
וּלְהָפְכָ֔הּ and to overthrow
Strong's: H2015
Word #: 23 of 28
to turn about or over; by implication, to change, overturn, return, pervert
שָׁלַ֥ח rather sent H7971
שָׁלַ֥ח rather sent
Strong's: H7971
Word #: 24 of 28
to send away, for, or out (in a great variety of applications)
דָּוִ֛ד thou that David H1732
דָּוִ֛ד thou that David
Strong's: H1732
Word #: 25 of 28
david, the youngest son of jesse
אֶת H853
אֶת
Strong's: H853
Word #: 26 of 28
properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)
עֲבָדָ֖יו his servants H5650
עֲבָדָ֖יו his servants
Strong's: H5650
Word #: 27 of 28
a servant
אֵלֶֽיךָ׃ H413
אֵלֶֽיךָ׃
Strong's: H413
Word #: 28 of 28
near, with or among; often in general, to

Analysis & Commentary

And the princes of the children of Ammon said unto Hanun their lord, Thinkest thou that David doth honour thy father, that he hath sent comforters unto thee? hath not David rather sent his servants unto thee, to search the city, and to spy it out, and to overthrow it?

This verse contributes to the narrative of War with Ammon and Aram, emphasizing responding to insult with strength. The Ammonite insult to David's ambassadors and subsequent war demonstrates appropriate responses to hostility. Theological themes include honor/shame dynamics in ancient cultures, the legitimacy of responding firmly to aggression, and trusting God when facing overwhelming opposition. The Hebrew narrative emphasizes strategic wisdom alongside divine enablement.

Historical Context

The historical setting of 2 Samuel 10 occurs during David's reign (circa 1010-970 BCE) over Israel's united monarchy. Archaeological discoveries, including the Tel Dan inscription mentioning the 'House of David,' corroborate biblical historicity. Ancient Near Eastern customs regarding responding to insult with strength provide crucial background. The geopolitical situation involved regional powers—Philistines, Ammonites, Arameans, Moabites, Edomites—as David consolidated and expanded Israel's territory. Cultural practices concerning kingship, warfare, covenant relationships, family dynamics, and religious observance differed significantly from modern Western contexts, requiring careful attention to avoid anachronistic interpretation while extracting timeless theological principles applicable across cultures and eras.

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