1 Samuel 30:4

Authorized King James Version

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Then David and the people that were with him lifted up their voice and wept, until they had no more power to weep.

Original Language Analysis

וַיִּשָּׂ֨א that were with him lifted up H5375
וַיִּשָּׂ֨א that were with him lifted up
Strong's: H5375
Word #: 1 of 14
to lift, in a great variety of applications, literal and figurative, absolute and relative
דָוִ֜ד Then David H1732
דָוִ֜ד Then David
Strong's: H1732
Word #: 2 of 14
david, the youngest son of jesse
וְהָעָ֧ם and the people H5971
וְהָעָ֧ם and the people
Strong's: H5971
Word #: 3 of 14
a people (as a congregated unit); specifically, a tribe (as those of israel); hence (collectively) troops or attendants; figuratively, a flock
אֲשֶׁר H834
אֲשֶׁר
Strong's: H834
Word #: 4 of 14
who, which, what, that; also (as an adverb and a conjunction) when, where, how, because, in order that, etc
אִתּ֛וֹ H854
אִתּ֛וֹ
Strong's: H854
Word #: 5 of 14
properly, nearness (used only as a preposition or an adverb), near; hence, generally, with, by, at, among, etc
אֶת H853
אֶת
Strong's: H853
Word #: 6 of 14
properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)
קוֹלָ֖ם their voice H6963
קוֹלָ֖ם their voice
Strong's: H6963
Word #: 7 of 14
a voice or sound
לִבְכּֽוֹת׃ and wept H1058
לִבְכּֽוֹת׃ and wept
Strong's: H1058
Word #: 8 of 14
to weep; generally to bemoan
עַ֣ד H5704
עַ֣ד
Strong's: H5704
Word #: 9 of 14
as far (or long, or much) as, whether of space (even unto) or time (during, while, until) or degree (equally with)
אֲשֶׁ֧ר H834
אֲשֶׁ֧ר
Strong's: H834
Word #: 10 of 14
who, which, what, that; also (as an adverb and a conjunction) when, where, how, because, in order that, etc
אֵין H369
אֵין
Strong's: H369
Word #: 11 of 14
a nonentity; generally used as a negative particle
בָּהֶ֛ם H0
בָּהֶ֛ם
Strong's: H0
Word #: 12 of 14
כֹּ֖חַ until they had no more power H3581
כֹּ֖חַ until they had no more power
Strong's: H3581
Word #: 13 of 14
vigor, literally (force, in a good or a bad sense) or figuratively (capacity, means, produce)
לִבְכּֽוֹת׃ and wept H1058
לִבְכּֽוֹת׃ and wept
Strong's: H1058
Word #: 14 of 14
to weep; generally to bemoan

Analysis & Commentary

The description of collective grief, 'lifted up their voice and wept, until they had no more power to weep,' expresses exhaustion through mourning. The Hebrew 'ad asher en bahem koach livekot' (until there was no strength in them to weep) captures the physical depletion of intense grief. David shares this mourning equally with his men, not standing apart as leader but participating in the community's devastation. Even future kings must grieve their losses fully.

Historical Context

Ancient Near Eastern mourning was demonstrative and communal. Loud weeping, tearing clothes, and other physical expressions of grief were culturally expected responses to loss. The communal nature of this mourning reflects the shared trauma.

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