1 Samuel 30:3

Authorized King James Version

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So David and his men came to the city, and, behold, it was burned with fire; and their wives, and their sons, and their daughters, were taken captives.

Original Language Analysis

וַיָּבֹ֨א came H935
וַיָּבֹ֨א came
Strong's: H935
Word #: 1 of 12
to go or come (in a wide variety of applications)
דָוִ֤ד So David H1732
דָוִ֤ד So David
Strong's: H1732
Word #: 2 of 12
david, the youngest son of jesse
וַֽאֲנָשָׁיו֙ H376
וַֽאֲנָשָׁיו֙
Strong's: H376
Word #: 3 of 12
a man as an individual or a male person; often used as an adjunct to a more definite term (and in such cases frequently not expressed in translation)
אֶל H413
אֶל
Strong's: H413
Word #: 4 of 12
near, with or among; often in general, to
הָעִ֔יר to the city H5892
הָעִ֔יר to the city
Strong's: H5892
Word #: 5 of 12
a city (a place guarded by waking or a watch) in the widest sense (even of a mere encampment or post)
וְהִנֵּ֥ה H2009
וְהִנֵּ֥ה
Strong's: H2009
Word #: 6 of 12
lo!
שְׂרוּפָ֖ה and behold it was burned H8313
שְׂרוּפָ֖ה and behold it was burned
Strong's: H8313
Word #: 7 of 12
to be (causatively, set) on fire
בָּאֵ֑שׁ with fire H784
בָּאֵ֑שׁ with fire
Strong's: H784
Word #: 8 of 12
fire (literally or figuratively)
וּנְשֵׁיהֶ֛ם and their wives H802
וּנְשֵׁיהֶ֛ם and their wives
Strong's: H802
Word #: 9 of 12
a woman
וּבְנֵיהֶ֥ם and their sons H1121
וּבְנֵיהֶ֥ם and their sons
Strong's: H1121
Word #: 10 of 12
a son (as a builder of the family name), in the widest sense (of literal and figurative relationship, including grandson, subject, nation, quality or
וּבְנֹֽתֵיהֶ֖ם and their daughters H1323
וּבְנֹֽתֵיהֶ֖ם and their daughters
Strong's: H1323
Word #: 11 of 12
a daughter (used in the same wide sense as other terms of relationship, literally and figuratively)
נִשְׁבּֽוּ׃ were taken captives H7617
נִשְׁבּֽוּ׃ were taken captives
Strong's: H7617
Word #: 12 of 12
to transport into captivity

Analysis & Commentary

The scene of David and his men encountering the burning ruins of their home emphasizes complete devastation. The Hebrew construction 'hineh seruphah ba'esh' (behold, burned with fire) captures the visual shock. The threefold loss, 'wives, sons, and daughters,' encompasses the entire domestic sphere. For ancient warriors, whose purpose centered on protecting family, this represented total failure. The men who followed David as protector found their trust apparently betrayed by his absence during the raid.

Historical Context

Returning warriors finding their settlement destroyed was an ancient nightmare. The complete vulnerability of undefended settlements made protection of home the primary obligation of fighting men.

Questions for Reflection

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