1 Samuel 18:6

Authorized King James Version

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And it came to pass as they came, when David was returned from the slaughter of the Philistine, that the women came out of all cities of Israel, singing and dancing, to meet king Saul, with tabrets, with joy, and with instruments of musick.

Original Language Analysis

וַיְהִ֣י H1961
וַיְהִ֣י
Strong's: H1961
Word #: 1 of 20
to exist, i.e., be or become, come to pass (always emphatic, and not a mere copula or auxiliary)
בְּבוֹאָ֗ם And it came to pass as they came H935
בְּבוֹאָ֗ם And it came to pass as they came
Strong's: H935
Word #: 2 of 20
to go or come (in a wide variety of applications)
בְּשׁ֤וּב was returned H7725
בְּשׁ֤וּב was returned
Strong's: H7725
Word #: 3 of 20
to turn back (hence, away) transitively or intransitively, literally or figuratively (not necessarily with the idea of return to the starting point);
דָּוִד֙ when David H1732
דָּוִד֙ when David
Strong's: H1732
Word #: 4 of 20
david, the youngest son of jesse
מֵֽהַכּ֣וֹת from the slaughter H5221
מֵֽהַכּ֣וֹת from the slaughter
Strong's: H5221
Word #: 5 of 20
to strike (lightly or severely, literally or figuratively)
אֶת H853
אֶת
Strong's: H853
Word #: 6 of 20
properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)
הַפְּלִשְׁתִּ֔י of the Philistine H6430
הַפְּלִשְׁתִּ֔י of the Philistine
Strong's: H6430
Word #: 7 of 20
a pelishtite or inhabitant of pelesheth
וַתֵּצֶ֨אנָה came out H3318
וַתֵּצֶ֨אנָה came out
Strong's: H3318
Word #: 8 of 20
to go (causatively, bring) out, in a great variety of applications, literally and figuratively, direct and proxim
הַנָּשִׁ֜ים that the women H802
הַנָּשִׁ֜ים that the women
Strong's: H802
Word #: 9 of 20
a woman
מִכָּל H3605
מִכָּל
Strong's: H3605
Word #: 10 of 20
properly, the whole; hence, all, any or every (in the singular only, but often in a plural sense)
עָרֵ֤י of all cities H5892
עָרֵ֤י of all cities
Strong's: H5892
Word #: 11 of 20
a city (a place guarded by waking or a watch) in the widest sense (even of a mere encampment or post)
יִשְׂרָאֵל֙ of Israel H3478
יִשְׂרָאֵל֙ of Israel
Strong's: H3478
Word #: 12 of 20
he will rule as god; jisral, a symbolical name of jacob; also (typically) of his posterity
לָשִׁ֣ור singing H7891
לָשִׁ֣ור singing
Strong's: H7891
Word #: 13 of 20
to sing
וְהַמְּחֹל֔וֹת and dancing H4246
וְהַמְּחֹל֔וֹת and dancing
Strong's: H4246
Word #: 14 of 20
a dance
לִקְרַ֖את to meet H7125
לִקְרַ֖את to meet
Strong's: H7125
Word #: 15 of 20
an encountering, accidental, friendly or hostile (also adverbially, opposite)
שָׁא֣וּל Saul H7586
שָׁא֣וּל Saul
Strong's: H7586
Word #: 16 of 20
shaul, the name of an edomite and two israelites
הַמֶּ֑לֶךְ king H4428
הַמֶּ֑לֶךְ king
Strong's: H4428
Word #: 17 of 20
a king
בְּתֻפִּ֥ים with tabrets H8596
בְּתֻפִּ֥ים with tabrets
Strong's: H8596
Word #: 18 of 20
a tambourine
בְּשִׂמְחָ֖ה with joy H8057
בְּשִׂמְחָ֖ה with joy
Strong's: H8057
Word #: 19 of 20
blithesomeness or glee, (religious or festival)
וּבְשָֽׁלִשִֽׁים׃ and with instruments H7991
וּבְשָֽׁלִשִֽׁים׃ and with instruments
Strong's: H7991
Word #: 20 of 20
a triple, i.e., (as an officer) a general of the third rank (upward, i.e., the highest)

Analysis & Commentary

And it came to pass as they came, when David was returned from the slaughter of the Philistine, that the women came out of all cities of Israel, singing and dancing, to meet king Saul, with tabrets, with joy, and with instruments of musick.

Jonathan's covenant with David exemplifies godly friendship that transcends personal ambition and family loyalty. Though Jonathan was heir to Saul's throne, he recognized God's choice of David and submitted to divine purposes. His willingness to risk his father's wrath to protect David demonstrates loyalty rooted in spiritual discernment rather than political advantage. The covenant between Jonathan and David foreshadows Christ's faithful friendship with believers, showing covenant love that sacrificially serves another's good even at personal cost.

Historical Context

The establishment of monarchy around 1050-1010 BCE represented a dramatic political and theological shift for Israel. Unlike surrounding nations where kings were considered divine or semi-divine, Israel's kings were supposed to function under God's ultimate authority as laid out in Deuteronomy 17:14-20. The Benjamite tribe occupied strategic territory between Ephraim and Judah, making Saul's selection a politically astute choice to balance tribal rivalries. Archaeological remains from this period show increased fortification and centralization of settlements, confirming the transition to state-level organization.

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