1 Samuel 18:25

Authorized King James Version

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And Saul said, Thus shall ye say to David, The king desireth not any dowry, but an hundred foreskins of the Philistines, to be avenged of the king's enemies. But Saul thought to make David fall by the hand of the Philistines.

Original Language Analysis

תֹאמְר֣וּ Thus shall ye say H559
תֹאמְר֣וּ Thus shall ye say
Strong's: H559
Word #: 1 of 23
to say (used with great latitude)
וְשָׁא֣וּל And Saul H7586
וְשָׁא֣וּל And Saul
Strong's: H7586
Word #: 2 of 23
shaul, the name of an edomite and two israelites
כֹּֽה H3541
כֹּֽה
Strong's: H3541
Word #: 3 of 23
properly, like this, i.e., by implication, (of manner) thus (or so); also (of place) here (or hither); or (of time) now
תֹאמְר֣וּ Thus shall ye say H559
תֹאמְר֣וּ Thus shall ye say
Strong's: H559
Word #: 4 of 23
to say (used with great latitude)
דָּוִ֖ד to David H1732
דָּוִ֖ד to David
Strong's: H1732
Word #: 5 of 23
david, the youngest son of jesse
אֵֽין H369
אֵֽין
Strong's: H369
Word #: 6 of 23
a nonentity; generally used as a negative particle
חֵ֤פֶץ desireth H2656
חֵ֤פֶץ desireth
Strong's: H2656
Word #: 7 of 23
pleasure; hence (abstractly) desire; concretely, a valuable thing; hence (by extension) a matter (as something in mind)
הַמֶּ֑לֶךְ The king H4428
הַמֶּ֑לֶךְ The king
Strong's: H4428
Word #: 8 of 23
a king
בְּמֹ֔הַר not any dowry H4119
בְּמֹ֔הַר not any dowry
Strong's: H4119
Word #: 9 of 23
a price (for a wife)
כִּ֗י H3588
כִּ֗י
Strong's: H3588
Word #: 10 of 23
(by implication) very widely used as a relative conjunction or adverb (as below); often largely modified by other particles annexed
בְּמֵאָה֙ but an hundred H3967
בְּמֵאָה֙ but an hundred
Strong's: H3967
Word #: 11 of 23
a hundred; also as a multiplicative and a fraction
עָרְל֣וֹת foreskins H6190
עָרְל֣וֹת foreskins
Strong's: H6190
Word #: 12 of 23
the prepuce
פְּלִשְׁתִּֽים׃ of the Philistines H6430
פְּלִשְׁתִּֽים׃ of the Philistines
Strong's: H6430
Word #: 13 of 23
a pelishtite or inhabitant of pelesheth
לְהִנָּקֵ֖ם to be avenged H5358
לְהִנָּקֵ֖ם to be avenged
Strong's: H5358
Word #: 14 of 23
to grudge, i.e., avenge or punish
בְּאֹֽיְבֵ֣י enemies H341
בְּאֹֽיְבֵ֣י enemies
Strong's: H341
Word #: 15 of 23
hating; an adversary
הַמֶּ֑לֶךְ The king H4428
הַמֶּ֑לֶךְ The king
Strong's: H4428
Word #: 16 of 23
a king
וְשָׁא֣וּל And Saul H7586
וְשָׁא֣וּל And Saul
Strong's: H7586
Word #: 17 of 23
shaul, the name of an edomite and two israelites
חָשַׁ֔ב thought H2803
חָשַׁ֔ב thought
Strong's: H2803
Word #: 18 of 23
properly, to plait or interpenetrate, i.e., (literally) to weave or (generally) to fabricate; figuratively, to plot or contrive (usually in a maliciou
לְהַפִּ֥יל fall H5307
לְהַפִּ֥יל fall
Strong's: H5307
Word #: 19 of 23
to fall, in a great variety of applications (intransitive or causative, literal or figurative)
אֶת H853
אֶת
Strong's: H853
Word #: 20 of 23
properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)
דָּוִ֖ד to David H1732
דָּוִ֖ד to David
Strong's: H1732
Word #: 21 of 23
david, the youngest son of jesse
בְּיַד by the hand H3027
בְּיַד by the hand
Strong's: H3027
Word #: 22 of 23
a hand (the open one [indicating power, means, direction, etc.], in distinction from h3709, the closed one); used (as noun, adverb, etc.) in a great v
פְּלִשְׁתִּֽים׃ of the Philistines H6430
פְּלִשְׁתִּֽים׃ of the Philistines
Strong's: H6430
Word #: 23 of 23
a pelishtite or inhabitant of pelesheth

Analysis & Commentary

And Saul said, Thus shall ye say to David, The king desireth not any dowry, but an hundred foreskins of the Philistines, to be avenged of the king's enemies. But Saul thought to make David fall by the hand of the Philistines.

The bride-price of 'an hundred foreskins of the Philistines' was designed as a death sentence. Saul expected David to die attempting to collect such a gruesome dowry. The demand combined ritual humiliation of enemies with maximum danger to David. Yet what Saul intended for death became testimony to God's protection, as David returned with double the requirement (v.27).

Historical Context

Bride-prices were customary in ancient Near Eastern marriages. Extraordinary requirements sometimes tested the groom's devotion or capability. Collecting enemy foreskins proved kills while humiliating uncircumcised opponents.

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