1 Samuel 16:10

Authorized King James Version

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Again, Jesse made seven of his sons to pass before Samuel. And Samuel said unto Jesse, The LORD hath not chosen these.

Original Language Analysis

וַיַּֽעֲבֵ֥ר to pass H5674
וַיַּֽעֲבֵ֥ר to pass
Strong's: H5674
Word #: 1 of 14
to cross over; used very widely of any transition (literal or figurative; transitive, intransitive, intensive, causative); specifically, to cover (in
יִשַׁ֔י Again Jesse H3448
יִשַׁ֔י Again Jesse
Strong's: H3448
Word #: 2 of 14
jishai, david's father
שִׁבְעַ֥ת made seven H7651
שִׁבְעַ֥ת made seven
Strong's: H7651
Word #: 3 of 14
seven (as the sacred full one); also (adverbially) seven times; by implication, a week; by extension, an indefinite number
בָּנָ֖יו of his sons H1121
בָּנָ֖יו of his sons
Strong's: H1121
Word #: 4 of 14
a son (as a builder of the family name), in the widest sense (of literal and figurative relationship, including grandson, subject, nation, quality or
לִפְנֵ֣י before H6440
לִפְנֵ֣י before
Strong's: H6440
Word #: 5 of 14
the face (as the part that turns); used in a great variety of applications (literally and figuratively); also (with prepositional prefix) as a preposi
שְׁמוּאֵל֙ And Samuel H8050
שְׁמוּאֵל֙ And Samuel
Strong's: H8050
Word #: 6 of 14
shemuel, the name of three israelites
וַיֹּ֤אמֶר said H559
וַיֹּ֤אמֶר said
Strong's: H559
Word #: 7 of 14
to say (used with great latitude)
שְׁמוּאֵל֙ And Samuel H8050
שְׁמוּאֵל֙ And Samuel
Strong's: H8050
Word #: 8 of 14
shemuel, the name of three israelites
אֶל H413
אֶל
Strong's: H413
Word #: 9 of 14
near, with or among; often in general, to
יִשַׁ֔י Again Jesse H3448
יִשַׁ֔י Again Jesse
Strong's: H3448
Word #: 10 of 14
jishai, david's father
לֹֽא H3808
לֹֽא
Strong's: H3808
Word #: 11 of 14
not (the simple or abs. negation); by implication, no; often used with other particles
בָחַ֥ר hath not chosen H977
בָחַ֥ר hath not chosen
Strong's: H977
Word #: 12 of 14
properly, to try, i.e., (by implication) select
יְהוָ֖ה The LORD H3068
יְהוָ֖ה The LORD
Strong's: H3068
Word #: 13 of 14
(the) self-existent or eternal; jeho-vah, jewish national name of god
בָּאֵֽלֶּה׃ H428
בָּאֵֽלֶּה׃
Strong's: H428
Word #: 14 of 14
these or those

Analysis & Commentary

Again, Jesse made seven of his sons to pass before Samuel. And Samuel said unto Jesse, The LORD hath not chosen these.

The presentation of seven sons without divine approval created a theological crisis - had Samuel misunderstood God's direction? The Hebrew emphasizes completeness: seven sons, the number of perfection, yet none chosen. This apparent failure of the mission forced the question that would reveal God's unconventional choice. Divine plans often seem to fail before their surprising fulfillment.

Historical Context

Seven sons represented an ideally complete family in Israelite culture (Ruth 4:15; Job 1:2). Jesse's wealth of sons marked him as blessed, yet this abundance could not produce what only God could provide. The scene recalls other biblical moments when God's choice defied expectations: Jacob over Esau, Joseph over his brothers.

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