1 Kings 8:37

Authorized King James Version

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If there be in the land famine, if there be pestilence, blasting, mildew, locust, or if there be caterpiller; if their enemy besiege them in the land of their cities; whatsoever plague, whatsoever sickness there be;

Original Language Analysis

רָעָ֞ב famine H7458
רָעָ֞ב famine
Strong's: H7458
Word #: 1 of 23
hunger (more or less extensive)
כִּֽי H3588
כִּֽי
Strong's: H3588
Word #: 2 of 23
(by implication) very widely used as a relative conjunction or adverb (as below); often largely modified by other particles annexed
יִהְיֶ֣ה H1961
יִהְיֶ֣ה
Strong's: H1961
Word #: 3 of 23
to exist, i.e., be or become, come to pass (always emphatic, and not a mere copula or auxiliary)
בְּאֶ֣רֶץ If there be in the land H776
בְּאֶ֣רֶץ If there be in the land
Strong's: H776
Word #: 4 of 23
the earth (at large, or partitively a land)
דֶּ֣בֶר if there be pestilence H1698
דֶּ֣בֶר if there be pestilence
Strong's: H1698
Word #: 5 of 23
a pestilence
כִּֽי H3588
כִּֽי
Strong's: H3588
Word #: 6 of 23
(by implication) very widely used as a relative conjunction or adverb (as below); often largely modified by other particles annexed
יִֽ֠הְיֶה H1961
יִֽ֠הְיֶה
Strong's: H1961
Word #: 7 of 23
to exist, i.e., be or become, come to pass (always emphatic, and not a mere copula or auxiliary)
שִׁדָּפ֨וֹן blasting H7711
שִׁדָּפ֨וֹן blasting
Strong's: H7711
Word #: 8 of 23
blight
יֵֽרָק֜וֹן mildew H3420
יֵֽרָק֜וֹן mildew
Strong's: H3420
Word #: 9 of 23
paleness, whether of persons (from fright), or of plants (from drought)
אַרְבֶּ֤ה locust H697
אַרְבֶּ֤ה locust
Strong's: H697
Word #: 10 of 23
a locust (from its rapid increase)
חָסִיל֙ or if there be caterpiller H2625
חָסִיל֙ or if there be caterpiller
Strong's: H2625
Word #: 11 of 23
the ravager, i.e., a locust
כִּ֣י H3588
כִּ֣י
Strong's: H3588
Word #: 12 of 23
(by implication) very widely used as a relative conjunction or adverb (as below); often largely modified by other particles annexed
יִֽהְיֶ֔ה H1961
יִֽהְיֶ֔ה
Strong's: H1961
Word #: 13 of 23
to exist, i.e., be or become, come to pass (always emphatic, and not a mere copula or auxiliary)
כִּ֧י H3588
כִּ֧י
Strong's: H3588
Word #: 14 of 23
(by implication) very widely used as a relative conjunction or adverb (as below); often largely modified by other particles annexed
יָֽצַר besiege H6887
יָֽצַר besiege
Strong's: H6887
Word #: 15 of 23
to cramp, literally or figuratively, transitive or intransitive
ל֛וֹ H0
ל֛וֹ
Strong's: H0
Word #: 16 of 23
אֹֽיְב֖וֹ if their enemy H341
אֹֽיְב֖וֹ if their enemy
Strong's: H341
Word #: 17 of 23
hating; an adversary
בְּאֶ֣רֶץ If there be in the land H776
בְּאֶ֣רֶץ If there be in the land
Strong's: H776
Word #: 18 of 23
the earth (at large, or partitively a land)
שְׁעָרָ֑יו of their cities H8179
שְׁעָרָ֑יו of their cities
Strong's: H8179
Word #: 19 of 23
an opening, i.e., door or gate
כָּל H3605
כָּל
Strong's: H3605
Word #: 20 of 23
properly, the whole; hence, all, any or every (in the singular only, but often in a plural sense)
נֶ֖גַע whatsoever plague H5061
נֶ֖גַע whatsoever plague
Strong's: H5061
Word #: 21 of 23
a blow (figuratively, infliction); also (by implication) a spot (concretely, a leprous person or dress)
כָּֽל H3605
כָּֽל
Strong's: H3605
Word #: 22 of 23
properly, the whole; hence, all, any or every (in the singular only, but often in a plural sense)
מַחֲלָֽה׃ whatsoever sickness H4245
מַחֲלָֽה׃ whatsoever sickness
Strong's: H4245
Word #: 23 of 23
sickness

Analysis & Commentary

If there be in the land famine, if there be pestilence, blasting, mildew, locust, or if there be caterpiller; if their enemy besiege them in the land of their cities; whatsoever plague, whatsoever sickness there be;

This verse contributes to the broader narrative of dedication of the temple, within the book's focus on Solomon's wisdom, temple building, and tragic apostasy.

The Hebrew text reveals nuances important for understanding this passage's contribution to 1 Kings' theological message about kingship, covenant, and faithfulness to Yahweh. This verse demonstrates the consequences when God's people—especially their leaders—either follow or forsake the covenant established at Sinai.

Historical Context

First Kings was written during or after the Babylonian exile (6th century BCE), reflecting on the monarchy period (10th-9th centuries BCE) to explain why the kingdoms fell. Solomon's reign (c. 970-930 BCE) represented Israel's golden age of peace and prosperity.

Ancient Near Eastern kingship ideology viewed kings as divine representatives responsible for maintaining cosmic order through right worship. Archaeological discoveries from sites like Megiddo, Hazor, and Samaria confirm the historical reliability of 1 Kings' descriptions of building projects and administrative structures.

Questions for Reflection

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