1 Kings 20:10

Authorized King James Version

PDF

And Ben-hadad sent unto him, and said, The gods do so unto me, and more also, if the dust of Samaria shall suffice for handfuls for all the people that follow me.

Original Language Analysis

וַיִּשְׁלַ֤ח sent H7971
וַיִּשְׁלַ֤ח sent
Strong's: H7971
Word #: 1 of 20
to send away, for, or out (in a great variety of applications)
אֵלָיו֙ H413
אֵלָיו֙
Strong's: H413
Word #: 2 of 20
near, with or among; often in general, to
בֶּן H0
בֶּן
Strong's: H0
Word #: 3 of 20
הֲדַ֔ד And Benhadad H1130
הֲדַ֔ד And Benhadad
Strong's: H1130
Word #: 4 of 20
ben-hadad, the name of several syrian kings, possibly a royal title
וַיֹּ֕אמֶר unto him and said H559
וַיֹּ֕אמֶר unto him and said
Strong's: H559
Word #: 5 of 20
to say (used with great latitude)
כֹּֽה H3541
כֹּֽה
Strong's: H3541
Word #: 6 of 20
properly, like this, i.e., by implication, (of manner) thus (or so); also (of place) here (or hither); or (of time) now
יַעֲשׂ֥וּן do so H6213
יַעֲשׂ֥וּן do so
Strong's: H6213
Word #: 7 of 20
to do or make, in the broadest sense and widest application
לִ֛י H0
לִ֛י
Strong's: H0
Word #: 8 of 20
אֱלֹהִ֖ים The gods H430
אֱלֹהִ֖ים The gods
Strong's: H430
Word #: 9 of 20
gods in the ordinary sense; but specifically used (in the plural thus, especially with the article) of the supreme god; occasionally applied by way of
וְכֹ֣ה H3541
וְכֹ֣ה
Strong's: H3541
Word #: 10 of 20
properly, like this, i.e., by implication, (of manner) thus (or so); also (of place) here (or hither); or (of time) now
יוֹסִ֑פוּ unto me and more also H3254
יוֹסִ֑פוּ unto me and more also
Strong's: H3254
Word #: 11 of 20
to add or augment (often adverbial, to continue to do a thing)
אִם H518
אִם
Strong's: H518
Word #: 12 of 20
used very widely as demonstrative, lo!; interrogative, whether?; or conditional, if, although; also oh that!, when; hence, as a negative, not
יִשְׂפֹּק֙ shall suffice H5606
יִשְׂפֹּק֙ shall suffice
Strong's: H5606
Word #: 13 of 20
to clap the hands (in token of compact, derision, grief, indignation, or punishment); by implication of satisfaction, to be enough; by implication of
עֲפַ֣ר if the dust H6083
עֲפַ֣ר if the dust
Strong's: H6083
Word #: 14 of 20
dust (as powdered or gray); hence, clay, earth, mud
שֹֽׁמְר֔וֹן of Samaria H8111
שֹֽׁמְר֔וֹן of Samaria
Strong's: H8111
Word #: 15 of 20
shomeron, a place in palestine
לִשְׁעָלִ֕ים for handfuls H8168
לִשְׁעָלִ֕ים for handfuls
Strong's: H8168
Word #: 16 of 20
the palm; by extension, a handful
לְכָל H3605
לְכָל
Strong's: H3605
Word #: 17 of 20
properly, the whole; hence, all, any or every (in the singular only, but often in a plural sense)
הָעָ֖ם for all the people H5971
הָעָ֖ם for all the people
Strong's: H5971
Word #: 18 of 20
a people (as a congregated unit); specifically, a tribe (as those of israel); hence (collectively) troops or attendants; figuratively, a flock
אֲשֶׁ֥ר H834
אֲשֶׁ֥ר
Strong's: H834
Word #: 19 of 20
who, which, what, that; also (as an adverb and a conjunction) when, where, how, because, in order that, etc
בְּרַגְלָֽי׃ that follow H7272
בְּרַגְלָֽי׃ that follow
Strong's: H7272
Word #: 20 of 20
a foot (as used in walking); by implication, a step; by euphemistically the pudenda

Analysis & Commentary

And Ben-hadad sent unto him, and said, The gods do so unto me, and more also, if the dust of Samaria shall suffice for handfuls for all the people that follow me.

This verse contributes to the broader narrative of ahab's wars with syria, within the book's focus on prophetic ministry of Elijah confronting Baalism.

The Hebrew text reveals nuances important for understanding this passage's contribution to 1 Kings' theological message about kingship, covenant, and faithfulness to Yahweh. This verse demonstrates the consequences when God's people—especially their leaders—either follow or forsake the covenant established at Sinai.

Historical Context

First Kings was written during or after the Babylonian exile (6th century BCE), reflecting on the monarchy period (10th-9th centuries BCE) to explain why the kingdoms fell. Elijah's ministry (c. 860-850 BCE) occurred during Ahab's reign, a time of intense spiritual crisis in Israel.

Ancient Near Eastern kingship ideology viewed kings as divine representatives responsible for maintaining cosmic order through right worship. Archaeological discoveries from sites like Megiddo, Hazor, and Samaria confirm the historical reliability of 1 Kings' descriptions of building projects and administrative structures.

Questions for Reflection

Related Resources

Explore related topics, people, and study resources to deepen your understanding of this passage.

People

Study Resources