1 Kings 17:12

Authorized King James Version

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And she said, As the LORD thy God liveth, I have not a cake, but an handful of meal in a barrel, and a little oil in a cruse: and, behold, I am gathering two sticks, that I may go in and dress it for me and my son, that we may eat it, and die.

Original Language Analysis

וַתֹּ֗אמֶר And she said H559
וַתֹּ֗אמֶר And she said
Strong's: H559
Word #: 1 of 27
to say (used with great latitude)
חַי liveth H2416
חַי liveth
Strong's: H2416
Word #: 2 of 27
alive; hence, raw (flesh); fresh (plant, water, year), strong; also (as noun, especially in the feminine singular and masculine plural) life (or livin
יְהוָ֤ה As the LORD H3068
יְהוָ֤ה As the LORD
Strong's: H3068
Word #: 3 of 27
(the) self-existent or eternal; jeho-vah, jewish national name of god
אֱלֹהֶ֙יךָ֙ thy God H430
אֱלֹהֶ֙יךָ֙ thy God
Strong's: H430
Word #: 4 of 27
gods in the ordinary sense; but specifically used (in the plural thus, especially with the article) of the supreme god; occasionally applied by way of
אִם H518
אִם
Strong's: H518
Word #: 5 of 27
used very widely as demonstrative, lo!; interrogative, whether?; or conditional, if, although; also oh that!, when; hence, as a negative, not
יֶשׁ I have H3426
יֶשׁ I have
Strong's: H3426
Word #: 6 of 27
there is or are (or any other form of the verb to be, as may suit the connection)
לִ֣י H0
לִ֣י
Strong's: H0
Word #: 7 of 27
מָע֔וֹג not a cake H4580
מָע֔וֹג not a cake
Strong's: H4580
Word #: 8 of 27
a cake of bread; parasite
כִּ֣י H3588
כִּ֣י
Strong's: H3588
Word #: 9 of 27
(by implication) very widely used as a relative conjunction or adverb (as below); often largely modified by other particles annexed
אִם H518
אִם
Strong's: H518
Word #: 10 of 27
used very widely as demonstrative, lo!; interrogative, whether?; or conditional, if, although; also oh that!, when; hence, as a negative, not
מְלֹ֤א but an handful H4393
מְלֹ֤א but an handful
Strong's: H4393
Word #: 11 of 27
fulness (literally or figuratively)
כַף H3709
כַף
Strong's: H3709
Word #: 12 of 27
the hollow hand or palm (so of the paw of an animal, of the sole, and even of the bowl of a dish or sling, the handle of a bolt, the leaves of a palm-
קֶ֙מַח֙ of meal H7058
קֶ֙מַח֙ of meal
Strong's: H7058
Word #: 13 of 27
flour
בַּכַּ֔ד in a barrel H3537
בַּכַּ֔ד in a barrel
Strong's: H3537
Word #: 14 of 27
properly, a pail; but generally of earthenware; a jar for domestic purposes
וּמְעַט and a little H4592
וּמְעַט and a little
Strong's: H4592
Word #: 15 of 27
a little or few (often adverbial or comparative)
שֶׁ֖מֶן oil H8081
שֶׁ֖מֶן oil
Strong's: H8081
Word #: 16 of 27
grease, especially liquid (as from the olive, often perfumed); figuratively, richness
בַּצַּפָּ֑חַת in a cruse H6835
בַּצַּפָּ֑חַת in a cruse
Strong's: H6835
Word #: 17 of 27
a saucer (as flat)
וְהִנְנִ֨י H2005
וְהִנְנִ֨י
Strong's: H2005
Word #: 18 of 27
lo!; also (as expressing surprise) if
מְקֹשֶׁ֜שֶׁת and behold I am gathering H7197
מְקֹשֶׁ֜שֶׁת and behold I am gathering
Strong's: H7197
Word #: 19 of 27
to forage for straw, stubble or wood; figuratively, to assemble
שְׁנַ֣יִם two H8147
שְׁנַ֣יִם two
Strong's: H8147
Word #: 20 of 27
two; also (as ordinal) twofold
עֵצִ֗ים sticks H6086
עֵצִ֗ים sticks
Strong's: H6086
Word #: 21 of 27
a tree (from its firmness); hence, wood (plural sticks)
וּבָ֙אתִי֙ that I may go in H935
וּבָ֙אתִי֙ that I may go in
Strong's: H935
Word #: 22 of 27
to go or come (in a wide variety of applications)
וַֽעֲשִׂיתִ֙יהוּ֙ and dress H6213
וַֽעֲשִׂיתִ֙יהוּ֙ and dress
Strong's: H6213
Word #: 23 of 27
to do or make, in the broadest sense and widest application
לִ֣י H0
לִ֣י
Strong's: H0
Word #: 24 of 27
וְלִבְנִ֔י it for me and my son H1121
וְלִבְנִ֔י it for me and my son
Strong's: H1121
Word #: 25 of 27
a son (as a builder of the family name), in the widest sense (of literal and figurative relationship, including grandson, subject, nation, quality or
וַֽאֲכַלְנֻ֖הוּ that we may eat H398
וַֽאֲכַלְנֻ֖הוּ that we may eat
Strong's: H398
Word #: 26 of 27
to eat (literally or figuratively)
וָמָֽתְנוּ׃ it and die H4191
וָמָֽתְנוּ׃ it and die
Strong's: H4191
Word #: 27 of 27
to die (literally or figuratively); causatively, to kill

Analysis & Commentary

And she said, As the LORD thy God liveth, I have not a cake, but an handful of meal in a barrel, and a little oil in a cruse: and, behold, I am gathering two sticks, that I may go in and dress it for me and my son, that we may eat it, and die.

This verse contributes to the broader narrative of elijah and the drought, within the book's focus on prophetic ministry of Elijah confronting Baalism.

The Hebrew text reveals nuances important for understanding this passage's contribution to 1 Kings' theological message about kingship, covenant, and faithfulness to Yahweh. This verse demonstrates the consequences when God's people—especially their leaders—either follow or forsake the covenant established at Sinai.

Historical Context

First Kings was written during or after the Babylonian exile (6th century BCE), reflecting on the monarchy period (10th-9th centuries BCE) to explain why the kingdoms fell. Elijah's ministry (c. 860-850 BCE) occurred during Ahab's reign, a time of intense spiritual crisis in Israel.

Ancient Near Eastern kingship ideology viewed kings as divine representatives responsible for maintaining cosmic order through right worship. Archaeological discoveries from sites like Megiddo, Hazor, and Samaria confirm the historical reliability of 1 Kings' descriptions of building projects and administrative structures.

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