1 Kings 16:31

Authorized King James Version

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And it came to pass, as if it had been a light thing for him to walk in the sins of Jeroboam the son of Nebat, that he took to wife Jezebel the daughter of Ethbaal king of the Zidonians, and went and served Baal, and worshipped him.

Original Language Analysis

וַֽיְהִי֙ H1961
וַֽיְהִי֙
Strong's: H1961
Word #: 1 of 21
to exist, i.e., be or become, come to pass (always emphatic, and not a mere copula or auxiliary)
הֲנָקֵ֣ל And it came to pass as if it had been a light thing H7043
הֲנָקֵ֣ל And it came to pass as if it had been a light thing
Strong's: H7043
Word #: 2 of 21
to be (causatively, make) light, literally (swift, small, sharp, etc.) or figuratively (easy, trifling, vile, etc.)
לֶכְתּ֔וֹ H1980
לֶכְתּ֔וֹ
Strong's: H1980
Word #: 3 of 21
to walk (in a great variety of applications, literally and figuratively)
בְּחַטֹּ֖אות in the sins H2403
בְּחַטֹּ֖אות in the sins
Strong's: H2403
Word #: 4 of 21
an offence (sometimes habitual sinfulness), and its penalty, occasion, sacrifice, or expiation; also (concretely) an offender
יָֽרָבְעָ֣ם of Jeroboam H3379
יָֽרָבְעָ֣ם of Jeroboam
Strong's: H3379
Word #: 5 of 21
jarobam, the name of two israelite kings
בֶּן the son H1121
בֶּן the son
Strong's: H1121
Word #: 6 of 21
a son (as a builder of the family name), in the widest sense (of literal and figurative relationship, including grandson, subject, nation, quality or
נְבָ֑ט of Nebat H5028
נְבָ֑ט of Nebat
Strong's: H5028
Word #: 7 of 21
nebat, the father of jeroboam i
וַיִּקַּ֨ח that he took H3947
וַיִּקַּ֨ח that he took
Strong's: H3947
Word #: 8 of 21
to take (in the widest variety of applications)
אִשָּׁ֜ה to wife H802
אִשָּׁ֜ה to wife
Strong's: H802
Word #: 9 of 21
a woman
אֶת H853
אֶת
Strong's: H853
Word #: 10 of 21
properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)
אִיזֶ֗בֶל Jezebel H348
אִיזֶ֗בֶל Jezebel
Strong's: H348
Word #: 11 of 21
izebel, the wife of king ahab
בַּת the daughter H1323
בַּת the daughter
Strong's: H1323
Word #: 12 of 21
a daughter (used in the same wide sense as other terms of relationship, literally and figuratively)
אֶתְבַּ֙עַל֙ of Ethbaal H856
אֶתְבַּ֙עַל֙ of Ethbaal
Strong's: H856
Word #: 13 of 21
ethbaal, a phoenician king
מֶ֣לֶךְ king H4428
מֶ֣לֶךְ king
Strong's: H4428
Word #: 14 of 21
a king
צִֽידֹנִ֔ים of the Zidonians H6722
צִֽידֹנִ֔ים of the Zidonians
Strong's: H6722
Word #: 15 of 21
a tsidonian or inhabitant of tsidon
וַיֵּ֙לֶךְ֙ H1980
וַיֵּ֙לֶךְ֙
Strong's: H1980
Word #: 16 of 21
to walk (in a great variety of applications, literally and figuratively)
וַֽיַּעֲבֹ֣ד and served H5647
וַֽיַּעֲבֹ֣ד and served
Strong's: H5647
Word #: 17 of 21
to work (in any sense); by implication, to serve, till, (causatively) enslave, etc
אֶת H853
אֶת
Strong's: H853
Word #: 18 of 21
properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)
הַבַּ֔עַל Baal H1168
הַבַּ֔עַל Baal
Strong's: H1168
Word #: 19 of 21
baal, a phoenician deity
וַיִּשְׁתַּ֖חוּ and worshipped H7812
וַיִּשְׁתַּ֖חוּ and worshipped
Strong's: H7812
Word #: 20 of 21
to depress, i.e., prostrate (especially reflexive, in homage to royalty or god)
לֽוֹ׃ H0
לֽוֹ׃
Strong's: H0
Word #: 21 of 21

Analysis & Commentary

And it came to pass, as if it had been a light thing for him to walk in the sins of Jeroboam the son of Nebat, that he took to wife Jezebel the daughter of Ethbaal king of the Zidonians, and went and served Baal, and worshipped him.

This verse contributes to the broader narrative of kings of israel: elah, zimri, omri, ahab, within the book's focus on spiritual decline of both kingdoms under various rulers.

The Hebrew text reveals nuances important for understanding this passage's contribution to 1 Kings' theological message about kingship, covenant, and faithfulness to Yahweh. This verse demonstrates the consequences when God's people—especially their leaders—either follow or forsake the covenant established at Sinai.

Historical Context

First Kings was written during or after the Babylonian exile (6th century BCE), reflecting on the monarchy period (10th-9th centuries BCE) to explain why the kingdoms fell. This period (c. 930-850 BCE) saw rapid succession and instability, especially in the northern kingdom.

Ancient Near Eastern kingship ideology viewed kings as divine representatives responsible for maintaining cosmic order through right worship. Canaanite fertility religion promised agricultural prosperity through ritual practices honoring Baal (storm god) and Asherah (mother goddess), posing constant temptation to syncretism. Archaeological discoveries from sites like Megiddo, Hazor, and Samaria confirm the historical reliability of 1 Kings' descriptions of building projects and administrative structures.

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