1 Kings 15:3

Authorized King James Version

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And he walked in all the sins of his father, which he had done before him: and his heart was not perfect with the LORD his God, as the heart of David his father.

Original Language Analysis

וַיֵּ֕לֶךְ H1980
וַיֵּ֕לֶךְ
Strong's: H1980
Word #: 1 of 17
to walk (in a great variety of applications, literally and figuratively)
בְּכָל H3605
בְּכָל
Strong's: H3605
Word #: 2 of 17
properly, the whole; hence, all, any or every (in the singular only, but often in a plural sense)
חַטֹּ֥אות in all the sins H2403
חַטֹּ֥אות in all the sins
Strong's: H2403
Word #: 3 of 17
an offence (sometimes habitual sinfulness), and its penalty, occasion, sacrifice, or expiation; also (concretely) an offender
אָבִֽיו׃ his father H1
אָבִֽיו׃ his father
Strong's: H1
Word #: 4 of 17
father, in a literal and immediate, or figurative and remote application
אֲשֶׁר H834
אֲשֶׁר
Strong's: H834
Word #: 5 of 17
who, which, what, that; also (as an adverb and a conjunction) when, where, how, because, in order that, etc
עָשָׂ֣ה which he had done H6213
עָשָׂ֣ה which he had done
Strong's: H6213
Word #: 6 of 17
to do or make, in the broadest sense and widest application
לְפָנָ֑יו before H6440
לְפָנָ֑יו before
Strong's: H6440
Word #: 7 of 17
the face (as the part that turns); used in a great variety of applications (literally and figuratively); also (with prepositional prefix) as a preposi
וְלֹֽא H3808
וְלֹֽא
Strong's: H3808
Word #: 8 of 17
not (the simple or abs. negation); by implication, no; often used with other particles
הָיָ֨ה H1961
הָיָ֨ה
Strong's: H1961
Word #: 9 of 17
to exist, i.e., be or become, come to pass (always emphatic, and not a mere copula or auxiliary)
כִּלְבַ֖ב as the heart H3824
כִּלְבַ֖ב as the heart
Strong's: H3824
Word #: 10 of 17
the heart (as the most interior organ)
שָׁלֵם֙ was not perfect H8003
שָׁלֵם֙ was not perfect
Strong's: H8003
Word #: 11 of 17
complete (literally or figuratively); especially friendly
עִם H5973
עִם
Strong's: H5973
Word #: 12 of 17
adverb or preposition, with (i.e., in conjunction with), in varied applications; specifically, equally with; often with prepositional prefix (and then
יְהוָ֣ה with the LORD H3068
יְהוָ֣ה with the LORD
Strong's: H3068
Word #: 13 of 17
(the) self-existent or eternal; jeho-vah, jewish national name of god
אֱלֹהָ֔יו his God H430
אֱלֹהָ֔יו his God
Strong's: H430
Word #: 14 of 17
gods in the ordinary sense; but specifically used (in the plural thus, especially with the article) of the supreme god; occasionally applied by way of
כִּלְבַ֖ב as the heart H3824
כִּלְבַ֖ב as the heart
Strong's: H3824
Word #: 15 of 17
the heart (as the most interior organ)
דָּוִ֥ד of David H1732
דָּוִ֥ד of David
Strong's: H1732
Word #: 16 of 17
david, the youngest son of jesse
אָבִֽיו׃ his father H1
אָבִֽיו׃ his father
Strong's: H1
Word #: 17 of 17
father, in a literal and immediate, or figurative and remote application

Analysis & Commentary

And he walked in all the sins of his father, which he had done before him: and his heart was not perfect with the LORD his God, as the heart of David his father.

This verse contributes to the broader narrative of kings of judah and israel: abijam, asa, nadab, baasha, within the book's focus on spiritual decline of both kingdoms under various rulers.

The Hebrew text reveals nuances important for understanding this passage's contribution to 1 Kings' theological message about kingship, covenant, and faithfulness to Yahweh. This verse demonstrates the consequences when God's people—especially their leaders—either follow or forsake the covenant established at Sinai.

Historical Context

First Kings was written during or after the Babylonian exile (6th century BCE), reflecting on the monarchy period (10th-9th centuries BCE) to explain why the kingdoms fell. This period (c. 930-850 BCE) saw rapid succession and instability, especially in the northern kingdom.

Ancient Near Eastern kingship ideology viewed kings as divine representatives responsible for maintaining cosmic order through right worship. Archaeological discoveries from sites like Megiddo, Hazor, and Samaria confirm the historical reliability of 1 Kings' descriptions of building projects and administrative structures.

Questions for Reflection

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