1 Corinthians 12:21

Authorized King James Version

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And the eye cannot say unto the hand, I have no need of thee: nor again the head to the feet, I have no need of you.

Original Language Analysis

οὐκ cannot G3756
οὐκ cannot
Strong's: G3756
Word #: 1 of 21
the absolute negative (compare g3361) adverb; no or not
δύναται G1410
δύναται
Strong's: G1410
Word #: 2 of 21
to be able or possible
δὲ And G1161
δὲ And
Strong's: G1161
Word #: 3 of 21
but, and, etc
ὀφθαλμὸς the eye G3788
ὀφθαλμὸς the eye
Strong's: G3788
Word #: 4 of 21
the eye (literally or figuratively); by implication, vision; figuratively, envy (from the jealous side-glance)
εἰπεῖν say G2036
εἰπεῖν say
Strong's: G2036
Word #: 5 of 21
to speak or say (by word or writing)
τῇ G3588
τῇ
Strong's: G3588
Word #: 6 of 21
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
χειρί unto the hand G5495
χειρί unto the hand
Strong's: G5495
Word #: 7 of 21
the hand (literally or figuratively (power); especially (by hebraism) a means or instrument)
Χρείαν need G5532
Χρείαν need
Strong's: G5532
Word #: 8 of 21
employment, i.e., an affair; also (by implication) occasion, demand, requirement or destitution
σου of thee G4675
σου of thee
Strong's: G4675
Word #: 9 of 21
of thee, thy
οὐκ cannot G3756
οὐκ cannot
Strong's: G3756
Word #: 10 of 21
the absolute negative (compare g3361) adverb; no or not
ἔχω· I have G2192
ἔχω· I have
Strong's: G2192
Word #: 11 of 21
to hold (used in very various applications, literally or figuratively, direct or remote; such as possession; ability, contiuity, relation, or conditio
nor G2228
nor
Strong's: G2228
Word #: 12 of 21
disjunctive, or; comparative, than
πάλιν again G3825
πάλιν again
Strong's: G3825
Word #: 13 of 21
(adverbially) anew, i.e., (of place) back, (of time) once more, or (conjunctionally) furthermore or on the other hand
G3588
Strong's: G3588
Word #: 14 of 21
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
κεφαλὴ the head G2776
κεφαλὴ the head
Strong's: G2776
Word #: 15 of 21
the head (as the part most readily taken hold of), literally or figuratively
τοῖς G3588
τοῖς
Strong's: G3588
Word #: 16 of 21
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
ποσίν to the feet G4228
ποσίν to the feet
Strong's: G4228
Word #: 17 of 21
a "foot" (figuratively or literally)
Χρείαν need G5532
Χρείαν need
Strong's: G5532
Word #: 18 of 21
employment, i.e., an affair; also (by implication) occasion, demand, requirement or destitution
ὑμῶν of you G5216
ὑμῶν of you
Strong's: G5216
Word #: 19 of 21
of (from or concerning) you
οὐκ cannot G3756
οὐκ cannot
Strong's: G3756
Word #: 20 of 21
the absolute negative (compare g3361) adverb; no or not
ἔχω· I have G2192
ἔχω· I have
Strong's: G2192
Word #: 21 of 21
to hold (used in very various applications, literally or figuratively, direct or remote; such as possession; ability, contiuity, relation, or conditio

Analysis & Commentary

And the eye cannot say unto the hand, I have no need of thee: nor again the head to the feet, I have no need of you—Now Paul addresses gift-pride, the flip side of gift-envy. Having shown the foot/ear cannot say "I don't belong" (vv.15-16), he now shows the eye/head cannot say "I don't need you." Ou dynastai ("cannot") is stronger than "should not"—it's impossible, not merely inadvisable. The eye's superior position doesn't grant autonomy; it requires the hand's service.

The head (most prominent, directive) cannot dismiss the feet (lowly, distant) as unnecessary. This targets the Corinthians' elitist spirituality—those with prominent gifts (prophecy, teaching, tongues) despising those with humble gifts (helps, administration, mercy). Paul declares such pride irrational: the eye genuinely needs the hand; the head genuinely needs the feet. No member is self-sufficient; all are mutually interdependent. The body functions through coordinated cooperation, not autonomous individuals.

Historical Context

Corinthian social stratification led wealthy, educated, prominent Christians to marginalize poor, uneducated, servant-class believers. Paul insists spiritual gifts transcend social status—a slave with mercy-gifts is as necessary as a wealthy patron with teaching gifts.

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