Proverbs 31:1
A focused desk for reading, commentary, cross-references, original language notes, and your own observations.
Proverbs 31:1
1 The words of king Lemuel, the prophecy that his mother taught him.
Chapter Context
Proverbs 31 is a wisdom sayings chapter in the Old Testament that explores themes of creation, holiness, faith. Written during primarily Solomon's reign (c. 970-930 BCE), this chapter should be understood within its historical context: Ancient Near Eastern wisdom literature was common in royal courts for training officials.
The chapter can be divided into several sections:
- Verses 1-5: Introduction and setting the context
- Verses 6-12: Development of key themes
- Verses 13-20: Central message and teachings
- Verses 21-31: Conclusion and application
This chapter is significant because it addresses timeless questions about faith, suffering, and divine purpose. When studying this passage, it's important to consider both its immediate context within Proverbs and its broader place in the scriptural canon.
Verse Study
Proverbs 31:1
1 The words of king Lemuel, the prophecy that his mother taught him.
Analysis
King Lemuel's 'prophecy' (Hebrew 'massa'—oracle) that his mother taught him. Like Agur (chapter 30), Lemuel's identity is uncertain, but his mother's wisdom is preserved in Scripture. This demonstrates God using maternal instruction to convey truth. Reformed theology values the mother's teaching role (Proverbs 1:8, 2 Timothy 1:5). Godly mothers shape children's theology and ethics. This introduction to Lemuel's mother's counsel emphasizes family as primary context for transmitting divine wisdom.
Historical Context
Mothers in ancient Israel bore responsibility for children's early moral and religious instruction. Lemuel's mother's wisdom being preserved as Scripture elevates maternal teaching's importance in covenant community.
Reflection
- How do you value and receive wisdom from godly mothers and female mentors?
- If you're a mother, how seriously do you take your role in teaching children God's truth?
- What does this verse teach about family as primary vehicle for transmitting biblical wisdom?
Word Studies
- Word: דָּבָר (Davar) H1697 - Word, thing, matter
Cross-References
- Word: Proverbs 1:8, 6:20
- Parallel theme: 2 Timothy 1:5