Proverbs 23:31
A focused desk for reading, commentary, cross-references, original language notes, and your own observations.
Proverbs 23:31
31 Look not thou upon the wine when it is red, when it giveth his colour in the cup, when it moveth itself aright.
Chapter Context
Proverbs 23 is a wisdom sayings chapter in the Old Testament that explores themes of fellowship, sacrifice, holiness. Written during primarily Solomon's reign (c. 970-930 BCE), this chapter should be understood within its historical context: Ancient Near Eastern wisdom literature was common in royal courts for training officials.
The chapter can be divided into several sections:
- Verses 1-5: Introduction and setting the context
- Verses 6-12: Development of key themes
- Verses 13-20: Central message and teachings
- Verses 21-35: Conclusion and application
This chapter is significant because it illustrates divine judgment and mercy in response to human actions. When studying this passage, it's important to consider both its immediate context within Proverbs and its broader place in the scriptural canon.
Verse Study
Proverbs 23:31
31 Look not thou upon the wine when it is red, when it giveth his colour in the cup, when it moveth itself aright.
Analysis
'Look not thou upon the wine when it is red'—don't be enticed by wine's appealing appearance and smoothness. The verse describes wine's attractiveness: red color, sparkle in the cup, smooth taste. But verse 32 warns of the result: it 'biteth like a serpent.' Don't be deceived by initial pleasure; consider the outcome. This applies beyond alcohol to all sin—it appears attractive but delivers death. The serpent metaphor recalls Eden's deception. Sin promises satisfaction but brings bondage and destruction. Believers must look beyond immediate gratification to ultimate consequences. Train yourself to see sin's ugliness beneath attractive packaging. Develop taste for righteousness rather than being enticed by evil's superficial appeal.
Historical Context
Wine production was sophisticated in the ancient world, producing attractive and palatable beverages. The warning isn't about wine's appearance but about being seduced by momentary appeal while ignoring consequences.
Reflection
- What sins entice you through attractive appearance while hiding destructive consequences?
- How can you train yourself to see past surface appeal to spiritual reality?
Cross-References
- Parallel theme: 2 Samuel 11:2, Psalms 119:37, 1 John 2:16