2 Corinthians 4:16
A focused desk for reading, commentary, cross-references, original language notes, and your own observations.
2 Corinthians 4:16
16 For which cause we faint not; but though our outward man perish, yet the inward man is renewed day by day.
Chapter Context
2 Corinthians 4 is a apologetic epistle chapter in the New Testament that explores themes of mercy, obedience, faith. Written during Paul's third missionary journey (c. 55-56 CE), this chapter should be understood within its historical context: Paul defended his apostleship against challenges in a culture valuing rhetorical prowess.
The chapter can be divided into several sections:
- Verses 1-5: Introduction and setting the context
- Verses 6-12: Development of key themes
- Verses 13-18: Central message and teachings
This chapter is significant because it reveals key aspects of God's character through divine actions and declarations. When studying this passage, it's important to consider both its immediate context within 2 Corinthians and its broader place in the scriptural canon.
Verse Study
2 Corinthians 4:16
16 For which cause we faint not; but though our outward man perish, yet the inward man is renewed day by day.
Analysis
For which cause we faint not (dio ouk enkakōmen, διὸ οὐκ ἐγκακοῦμεν)—Paul repeats v. 1's declaration, now grounded in resurrection hope (vv. 14-15). Dio (διό, 'therefore, for this reason') points back to all he's established: ministry flows from mercy, death produces life, resurrection is certain, all things serve God's glory. With such foundations, losing heart is impossible.
But though our outward man perish, yet the inward man is renewed day by day (all' ei kai ho exō hēmōn anthrōpos diaphtheiretai, alla ho esō hēmōn anakainoutai hēmera kai hēmera, ἀλλ' εἰ καὶ ὁ ἔξω ἡμῶν ἄνθρωπος διαφθείρεται, ἀλλὰ ὁ ἔσω ἡμῶν ἀνακαινοῦται ἡμέρα καὶ ἡμέρᾳ)—diaphtheirō (διαφθείρω, 'to destroy, corrupt, waste away') is present passive: ongoing external decay. But anakainoō (ἀνακαινόω, 'to renew, make new again') is also present passive: ongoing internal renewal. Hēmera kai hēmera (ἡμέρα καὶ ἡμέρᾳ, 'day by day') emphasizes daily, continuous renewal. Aging bodies house regenerating souls.
Historical Context
The 'outward man'/'inward man' dichotomy isn't Greek dualism (soul good, body bad) but Hebrew holism recognizing physical decline concurrent with spiritual growth. Paul isn't denigrating the body (he affirms bodily resurrection!). He's acknowledging that mortal flesh wastes while the regenerate spirit strengthens—a reality every aging believer experiences.
Reflection
- How do you experience the tension between outward physical decline and inward spiritual renewal?
- What practices facilitate 'day by day' renewal of the inner person in your life?
- How does this verse comfort those facing chronic illness, aging, or physical limitations?
Cross-References
- Parallel theme: 2 Corinthians 4:1, Psalms 27:13, 73:26, Isaiah 40:29, 40:31, Romans 7:22