1 Samuel 19:20
A focused desk for reading, commentary, cross-references, original language notes, and your own observations.
1 Samuel 19:20
20 And Saul sent messengers to take David: and when they saw the company of the prophets prophesying, and Samuel standing as appointed over them, the Spirit of God was upon the messengers of Saul, and they also prophesied.
Chapter Context
1 Samuel 19 is a biographical narrative chapter in the Old Testament that explores themes of salvation, truth, judgment. Written during the transition to monarchy (c. 1050-1010 BCE), this chapter should be understood within its historical context: Israel transitioned from tribal confederacy to monarchy while facing Philistine military pressure.
The chapter can be divided into several sections:
- Verses 1-5: Introduction and setting the context
- Verses 6-12: Development of key themes
- Verses 13-20: Central message and teachings
- Verses 21-24: Conclusion and application
This chapter is significant because it contributes to the biblical metanarrative of redemption. When studying this passage, it's important to consider both its immediate context within 1 Samuel and its broader place in the scriptural canon.
Verse Study
1 Samuel 19:20
20 And Saul sent messengers to take David: and when they saw the company of the prophets prophesying, and Samuel standing as appointed over them, the Spirit of God was upon the messengers of Saul, and they also prophesied.
Analysis
And Saul sent messengers to take David: and when they saw the company of the prophets prophesying, and Samuel standing as appointed over them, the Spirit of God was upon the messengers of Saul, and they also prophesied.
The Spirit's power upon Saul's messengers, causing them to prophesy instead of arrest, demonstrates divine sovereignty over human intentions. Three times Saul sent messengers (vv.20-21); three times God intervened. The phrase 'the Spirit of God was upon the messengers' shows God appropriating even enemies for His purposes. Human plans dissolve before divine power.
Historical Context
Prophetic communities in Israel often experienced ecstatic worship. The Spirit's overpowering of Saul's messengers resembled but surpassed normal prophetic activity. Samuel standing 'as appointed over them' indicates his leadership of the prophetic guild.
Reflection
- When have you witnessed God turning hostile intentions into occasions for spiritual encounter?
- What does the messengers' prophesying teach about God's power over those sent against His servants?
Word Studies
- God: אֱלֹהִים (Elohim) H430 - God (plural of majesty)
Cross-References
- Spirit: 1 Samuel 10:10, Joel 2:28
- References David: 1 Samuel 19:11, 19:14
- Parallel theme: John 7:32